IMPLICATIONS: We present evidence-based guidelines developed by an international
panel of experts for the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Postoperative …

Mammals need to maintain a nearly constant internal temperature. If the internal temperature
deviates substantially from normal, metabolic functions generally deteriorate. The human …

Most clinically available thermometers accurately report the temperature of whatever tissue
is being measured. The difficulty is that no reliably core-temperature-measuring sites are …

Background Mild perioperative hypothermia, which is common during major surgery, may
promote surgical-wound infection by triggering thermoregulatory vasoconstriction, which …

Background Untreated, one third of patients who undergo surgery will have postoperative
nausea and vomiting. Although many trials have been conducted, the relative benefits of …

Background Stored red cells undergo progressive structural and functional changes over
time. We tested the hypothesis that serious complications and mortality after cardiac surgery …

Background: Intraoperative hypotension may contribute to postoperative acute kidney injury
(AKI) and myocardial injury, but what blood pressures are unsafe is unclear. The authors …

Background Destruction by oxidation, or oxidative killing, is the most important defense against
surgical pathogens and depends on the partial pressure of oxygen in contaminated tissue…

Background Regional anesthesia is known to prevent or attenuate the surgical stress
response; therefore, inhibiting surgical stress by paravertebral anesthesia might attenuate …

Background Rapid development of acute opioid tolerance is well established in animals and
is more likely to occur with large doses of short-acting drugs. The authors therefore tested …