Background: There is a growing trend to treat displaced midshaft clavicular fractures with
primary open reduction and plate fixation; whether such treatment results in improved patient …

Objectives : This study was designed to establish the direct vascular effects of apelin in vivo
in man. Background : Apelin is the endogenous ligand for the previously orphaned G-protein…

… Line C represents the plane of the body of the scapula and line E represents the plane of
the osseous glenoid. The angle between line E and line D (line D is drawn perpendicular to …

Dislocation of the shoulder may occur during seizures in epileptics and other patients who
have convulsions. Following the initial injury, recurrent instability is common owing to a …

Purpose To perform a systematic review of clinical studies evaluating bone marrow aspirate
concentrate (BMAC) in the treatment of musculoskeletal pathology to compare levels of …

Background: A comprehensive approach to the evaluation of biologic therapies for
musculoskeletal conditions is required to guide appropriate future use. Clinical studies evaluating …

Background: The optimal treatment of complex proximal humeral fractures in adults remains
controversial. We evaluated the risk of complications and the long-term outcomes in patients …

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the feasibility, accuracy, and effect on conversion rates of
intracavitary video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery ultrasonography (VATS-US) for localization of …

Aims This study identifies early risk factors for symptomatic nonunion of displaced midshaft
fractures of the clavicle that aid identification of an at risk group who may benefit from surgery. …

Background: We aimed to evaluate the effect of clavicular shortening, measured with 3-dimensional
computed tomography (3DCT), on functional outcomes and satisfaction in patients …