Due to the aging population, patients required spinal surgery for degenerative spondylopathy
is increasing. With the advent of surgical instruments and techniques, minimally invasive …

Objective The ever-growing number of articles related to full-endoscopic spine surgery
published in the last few decades presents a challenge which is perplexing and time-consuming …

Objectives Large Central disc herniations (occupying more than 50% of canal area) are
notorious as they are generally associated with worse outcomes and are technically difficult to …

Background Allogenic blood transfusions can lead to immunomodulation. Our purpose was
to investigate whether perioperative transfusions were associated with postoperative …

BACKGROUND Endoscopic spine surgery is an alternative to the traditional treatment of
lumbar disc herniation. However, the traditional technique of interlaminar endoscopic approach …

Subependymoma is a rare benign CNS tumor (WHO grade I). The common sites of origin for
this type of tumor are the lateral and the fourth ventricles. A spinal intramedullary location is …

Unilateral biportal endoscopy (UBE) is a recently introduced technique that utilizes 2 portals,
one for endoscopy and one as a working portal, in contrast to full endoscopy, which utilizes …

Background: Various minimally invasive procedures for treating discogenic pain have been
reported in recent years. A Disc-FX® system can be used to perform nucleus pulposus (NP) …

The techniques for the treatment of cervical disc herniation and cervical myelopathy have
evolved over the last two decades. Anterior cervical decompression and fusion has been …

Background: The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Scoliosis Research Society,
Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America and American Academy of Pediatrics …