Background: Laparoscopic appendectomy for complicated appendicitis presents a challenge
with concerns about pelvic collections. It is unclear whether lavage or if simple suctioning …

Background: Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) is used to treat
choledocholithiasis. Flexible choledochoscopy is usually performed; however, this instrument is …

Introduction Penetrating injury due to gunshot wounds is a common problem seen in trauma
centres around South Africa. Gunshot wounds can injure organs directly or may cause …

Background Bowel obstruction in the setting of the unscarred abdomen can be due to a wide
variety of causes. Internal hernias are a rare cause of bowel obstruction with paravesical …

BACKGROUND: Hypercalcemia in association with hyperthyroidism is a well-recognized
phenomenon. Primary hyperparathyroidism due to parathyroid adenoma in association with …

Background: Oesophageal carcinoma continues to be a major cause of cancer related deaths
worldwide. Metal stents are an established treatment option for palliation of dysphagia. …

Background: Access to safe surgery is critical to health, welfare and economic development.
In 2015, the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery (LCoGS) recommended that all …

Background: ALPPS (Associating Liver Partition and Portal vein ligation for Staged
hepatectomy) is becoming more established for the management of colorectal liver metastases …

Background: The evolution of management of hepatic trauma has followed a course from
mandatory exploration for all patients to selective non-operative management and presently, to …

The use of self expanding metals stents (SEMS) is established for management of left sided
colonic obstruction. Its use for right sided malignant colonic obstructing (RMCO) tumours is …