BACKGROUND Numerous lines of evidence challenge the traditional interpretations of how
crystals nucleate and grow in synthetic and natural systems. In contrast to the monomer-by-…

We present two standards developed by the Genomic Standards Consortium (GSC) for
reporting bacterial and archaeal genome sequences. Both are extensions of the Minimum …

The dissolution of sulfide minerals such as pyrite (FeS 2 ), arsenopyrite (FeAsS), chalcopyrite
(CuFeS 2 ), sphalerite (ZnS), and marcasite (FeS 2 ) yields hot, sulfuric acid-rich solutions …

Dislocations are common defects in solids, yet all crystals begin as dislocation-free nuclei.
The mechanisms by which dislocations form during early growth are poorly understood. When …

Microbial communities are vital in the functioning of all ecosystems; however, most microorganisms
are uncultivated, and their roles in natural systems are unclear. Here, using random …

… Jeff Banfield's research was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research under Contract
No. N-000 14-89-J- 1114. Adiian Raftery's research was supported by the Office of Naval …

The tree of life is one of the most important organizing principles in biology 1. Gene surveys
suggest the existence of an enormous number of branches 2, but even an approximation of …

Crystals are generally considered to grow by attachment of ions to inorganic surfaces or
organic templates. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy of biomineralization …

The phase stability of nanocrystalline anatase and rutile was analyzed thermodynamically.
According to the present analysis, anatase becomes more stable than rutile when the particle …

To understand the impact of particle size on phase stability and phase transformation during
growth of nanocrystalline aggregates we conducted experiments using titania (TiO 2 ) …