Purpose: Insulin, a member of a family of growth factors that includes insulin-like growth factor
(IGF)-I and IGF-II, exerts mitogenic effects on normal and malignant breast epithelial cells, …

Purpose Vitamin D has been linked to breast cancer risk, but prognostic effects are unknown.
Such effects are biologically plausible given the presence of vitamin D receptors in breast …

PURPOSE: Weight gain is common during the first year after breast cancer diagnosis. In this
study, we examined clinical factors associated with body size at diagnosis and weight gain …

Purpose To investigate patterns of prognostic associations over time of insulin- and obesity-related
variables measured at diagnosis of early breast cancer (BC), focusing on whether the …

Background High insulin levels have been associated with poor outcomes in breast cancer.
Our goal was to investigate whether hyperinsulinemia was associated with insulin …

Purpose. The prognosis of women with early-stage breast cancer is influenced by insulin
and body mass index (BMI). High levels of serum insulin and obesity often coexist with …

The IGF family of growth factors is believed to play a role in the development and progression
of breast cancer. We recently identified an adverse prognostic effect of insulin in breast …

Purpose Evidence that psychosocial status and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) are
associated with breast cancer (BC) outcomes is weak and inconsistent. We examined …

Purpose: Diet has been postulated to influence breast cancer prognosis; however, existing
evidence is weak and inconsistent. Previous studies have sought evidence of a linear …

Purpose Leptin, an adipocyte-derived cytokine that is elevated in obesity, has been associated
with carcinogenesis, tumor migration and invasion, enhancement of angiogenesis, and …