BACKGROUND During hemorrhagic shock and subsequent resuscitation, pathways reliant
upon calcium such as platelet function, intrinsic and extrinsic hemostasis, and cardiac …

BACKGROUND CONTEXT There are three phases in prophylaxis of surgical site infections (SSI):
preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative. There is lack of consensus and paucity …

Introduction Surgical site infection (SSI) remains a significant source of morbidity in spine
surgery, with reported rates varying from 0.7 to 16%. Objective To systematically review and …

Background: Several classification systems exist for sacral fractures; however, these systems
are primarily descriptive, are not uniformly used, have not been validated, and have not …

BACKGROUND Systematic review (SR) abstracts are frequently relied upon to guide clinical
decision-making. However, there is mounting evidence that the quality of abstract reporting …

Acute subdural hematoma (aSDH) is among the most common injury types encountered by
neurosurgeons, and carries a poor prognosis, particularly in the elderly. As the incidence of …

Study Design: Systematic review. Objective: Spinal orthoses have been generally used in
the management of osteoporotic vertebral fractures in the elderly population with purported …

Study Design: Retrospective cohort. Objectives: To validate the 11-item modified Frailty Index
(mFI) as a perioperative risk stratification tool in elderly patients undergoing spine surgery. …

Background Oil palm is the second largest source of edible oil which contributes to
approximately 20% of the world's production of oils and fats. In order to understand the molecular …

We report on ultimatum game experiments conducted with same-age as well as mixed-age
groups of Asian adolescents and adults. The findings indicate that compared with adults, …