A 39-year-old man reports an eight-hour history of colicky pain in the right lower quadrant
radiating to the tip of his penis. He had previously had a kidney stone, which passed …

Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a syndrome of bladder hypersensitivity with symptoms of urgency,
frequency, and chronic pelvic pain. Although no consensus has been reached on the …

We present an overview of current and emerging lasers for Urology. We begin with an overview
of the Holmium:YAG laser. The Ho:YAG laser is the gold standard lithotripsy modality for …

Purpose : The mechanism of lithotripsy differs among electrohydraulic lithotripsy, mechanical
lithotripsy, pulsed dye lasers and holmium:YAG lithotripsy. It is postulated that fragment …

Objective: A series of experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that the mechanism
of holmium:YAG lithotripsy is photothermal. Methods and Results: To show that holmium:…

Background and Objective Evidence is presented that the fragmentation process of long‐pulse
Holmium:YAG (Ho:YAG) lithotripsy is governed by photothermal decomposition of the …

Purpose : We modeled retropulsion during holmium:YAG lithotripsy on the conservation of
momentum, whereby the force of ejected fragment debris off of the calculous surface should …

PURPOSE: We determined how interstitial cystitis progresses from initial symptoms to diagnosis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the records of 45 patients to …

PURPOSE: We determined the optimal Ho:YAG lithotripsy power settings to achieve
maximal fragmentation, minimal fragment size and minimal retropulsion. MATERIALS AND …

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence, diagnostic patterns, and management of
prostatitis, interstitial cystitis, and epididymitis (PIE) in Canadian urology outpatient practice. …