This article reviews and interprets neuronal activities related to the expectation and delivery
of reward in the primate orbitofrontal cortex, in comparison with slowly discharging neurons …

Few problems facing the intensivist are as frustrating or as difficult to manage as multiple
system organ failure (MSOF). While the precise etiology remains unknown, an integral feature …

Mechanical ventilation is an indispensable tool in the management of respiratory and
ventilatory failure. However, ventilation per se may also initiate or exacerbate lung injury, …

6.1. Background The incidence of tuberculosis (TB) is a concern at the start of the third
millennium, particularly with the increase of multiresistant (MDR-TB) and extended resistant (XDR-…

We examined the effect of ventilation strategy on lung inflammatory mediators in the
presence and absence of a preexisting inflammatory stimulus. 55 Sprague-Dawley rats were …

The orbital part of prefrontal cortex appears to be crucially involved in the motivational
control of goal-directed behaviour 1 , 2 . Patients with lesions of orbitofrontal cortex show …

The cerebral cortex is interconnected with two major subcortical structures: the basal ganglia
and the cerebellum. How and where cerebellar circuits interact with basal ganglia circuits …

The technique of laparoscopic gastric bypass, Roux-en-Y, has been developed, and
performed in five patients. The detailed technique and instrumentation is described. Early case …

The introduction and broad use of new immunosuppressive agents, including biologic agents
and JAK inhibitors, have revolutionised treatment of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] in …

Apathy has been reported to occur after subthalamic nucleus stimulation, a treatment of motor
complications in advanced Parkinson’s disease. We carried out a prospective study of the …