The connection between breast cancer and estrogen has been recognized for more than
100 years, since George Beatson demonstrated that bilateral oophorectomy resulted in the …

… plumchrus maintained constant adult populations, averaging 714 males m −2 from June
through October and 1,434 females m −2 from August through January. This constancy, …

Tamoxifen has been used in the management of breast cancer for over 30 years. Since its
introduction for the treatment of advanced breast cancer, its indications have increased to …

Background Olaparib (AZD2281) is a small-molecule, potent oral poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase
(PARP) inhibitor. We aimed to assess the safety and tolerability of this drug in patients …

Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cellular transformation, yet little is known about
metabolic changes that accompany tumor metastasis. Here we show that primary breast …

Background Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway activation is a hallmark of endocrine
therapy-resistant, hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. This phase 3 study assessed …

Background Clinical experience suggests that many women with triple-negative metastatic
breast cancer (MBC) relapse quickly. This has implications for clinical practice and trial design…

Purpose: There is evidence that cognitive dysfunction, fatigue, and menopausal symptoms
may occur in women receiving adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. Here, we determine …

Purpose Decisions about treatment for women with metastatic breast cancer are usually based
on the estrogen (ER), progesterone (PgR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor …

Tumor relapse after chemotherapy-induced regression is a major clinical problem, because
it often involves inoperable metastatic disease. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are …