Object. In Japan fasudil hydrochloride (HA1077), a protein kinase inhibitor, is widely
administered to prevent vasospasm in patients after subarachnoid hemorrhage. The effects of …

Neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation has exhibited considerable therapeutic potential in
spinal cord injury. However, most experiments in animals have been performed by injecting …

The Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signalling
pathway is one of the most important in transducing signals from the cell surface to the nucleus …

✓ Although atlantoaxial transarticular screw fixation is technically demanding and there is a
significant risk of vertebral artery (VA) injury, transarticular screw insertion in the middle and …

Taurine has multiple functions in the central nervous system (CNS), serving as an osmoregulator,
antioxidant, inhibitory neuromodulator, and regulator of intracellular Ca 2+ flux. Since …

Objective: We describe intraoperative augmented reality (AR) imaging to obtain a microscopic
view in spine keyhole surgery. Background: Minimally invasive keyhole surgery has been …

OBJECTIVE Recent studies have demonstrated the efficacy of subfascial intrawound application
of vancomycin powder in spine surgery in reducing the rate of surgical site infections (…

OBJECTIVE To introduce a method for a simple, nonexpansive laminoplasty that can be
performed with a threadwire saw (T-saw) after en bloc laminotomy has been performed. The …

We previously demonstrated that activated microglia release excessive glutamate through
gap junction hemichannels and identified a novel gap junction hemichannel blocker, INI-0602…

Glial scar formation is the major impedance to axonal regrowth after spinal cord injury (SCI),
and scar-modulating treatments have become a leading therapeutic goal for SCI treatment. …