Article Information
History
- Published online June 1, 2016.
Copyright & Usage
© 2016 Joule Inc. or its licensors
Author Information
- Mohammad Zarrabian*,
- Andrew Bidos†,
- Caroline Fanti‡,
- Barry Young§,
- Brian Drew¶,
- David Puskas‡,
- Raja Rampersaud*
- *Divisions of Orthopaedic Surgery and Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
- †University Health Network, Toronto, Ont.
- ‡Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre, Thunder Bay, Ont.
- §Inter-professional Spine Assessment and Education Clinics, Hamilton, Ont,
- ¶Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.
- Godefroy Hardy St-Pierre,
- Michael Yang,
- John Hurlbert,
- Ken Thomas
- Michael Yang,
- Godefroy Hardy St-Pierre,
- Stephan Duplessis
- Justin Scheer*,
- Tamir Ailon†,
- Justin Smith‡,
- Christopher Shaffrey‡,
- Eric Klineberg§,
- Frank Schwab¶,
- Christopher Ames**,
- International Spine Study Group††
- *University of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif.
- †University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C.
- ‡University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va.
- §University of California Davis, Davis, Calif.
- ¶Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, N.Y.
- **University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif.
- ††International Spine Study Group.
- Sarfraz Malleck,
- Michael Johnson,
- Michael Goytan,
- Steven Passmore,
- Greg McIntosh
- Alex Soroceanu*,
- Justin Smith†,
- Virginie Lafage‡,
- Eric Klineberg§,
- Tamir Ailon¶,
- Christopher Ames**,
- Christopher Shaffrey†,
- Munish Gupta††,
- Khaled Kebaish‡‡,
- Daniel Scubbia‡‡,
- Robert Hart§§,
- Richard Hostin¶¶,
- Frank Schwab‡
- *University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.
- †University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va.
- ‡Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, N.Y.
- §University of California Davis, Davis, Calif.
- ¶University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C.
- **University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif.
- ††Washington University, St. Louis, Mo.
- ‡‡Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Ma.
- §§Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Ore.
- ¶¶Baylor Scoliosis Center at Plano, Tx.
- Alex Soroceanu*,
- Michael Kelly†,
- Justin Smith‡,
- Justin Scheer§,
- Virginie Lafage¶,
- Themistocles Protopsaltis**,
- Richard Lafage¶,
- Richard Hostin††,
- Khaled Kebaish‡‡,
- Munish Gupta†,
- Robert Hart§§,
- Frank Schwab¶,
- Christopher Ames§
- *University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.
- †Washington University, St. Louis, Mo.
- ‡University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va.
- §University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
- ¶Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, N.Y.
- **New York University, New York, N.Y.
- ††Baylor Scoliosis Center at Plano, Tx.
- ‡‡Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Ma.
- §§Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Ore.
- *Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C.
- †Emmes Canada, Burnaby, B.C.
- ‡Rick Hansen Insitute, Vancouver, B.C.
- §ICORD (International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries), Vancouver, B.C.
- ¶Division of Orthopaedic Spine Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C.
- Joel Finkelstein*,
- Vanessa Noonan†,‡,
- Nader Fallah†,‡,
- Chester Ho§,
- Eve Tsai¶,
- Carly Rivers†,
- Catherine Truchon**,
- A. Gary Linassi††,
- Colleen O’Connell‡‡,
- Andrea Townson‡,
- Henry Ahn§§,
- Brian Drew¶¶,
- Marcel Dvorak‡,
- Michael G. Fehlings§§,***,
- Carolyn Schwartz†††,
- Luc Noreau‡‡‡
- *Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.
- †Rick Hansen Institute, Vancouver, B.C.
- ‡University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C.
- §University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.
- ¶University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.
- **Institut national d’excellence en santé et en services sociaux (INESSS), Québec, Que.
- ††University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.
- ‡‡Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Fredericton, N.B.
- §§University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
- ¶¶McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.
- ***Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ont.
- †††Delta-Quest Foundation Inc., Concord, Mass.
- ‡‡‡Université Laval, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration, Quebec City, Que.
- Carly Rivers*,
- Freda Warner†,
- Vanessa Noonan*,†,
- Nader Fallah*,†,
- Charles Fisher†,
- Colleen O’Connell‡,
- Eve Tsai§,
- Henry Ahn¶,
- Najmedden Attabib**,
- Sean Christie**,
- Brian Drew††,
- Joel Finkelstein‡‡,
- Daryl Fourney§§,
- Jérôme Paquet¶¶,
- Stefan Parent***,
- Dilinuer Kuerban*,
- Marcel Dvorak¶¶
- *Rick Hansen Institute, Vancouver, B.C.
- †University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C.
- ‡Stan Cassidy Centre for Rehabilitation, Fredericton, N.B.
- §University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.
- ¶University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
- **Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S.
- ††McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.
- ‡‡Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.
- §§University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.
- ¶¶Laval University, Québec, Que.
- ***Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.
- Jin Tee*,
- Jérôme Paquet†,
- Vanessa Noonan*,‡,
- Brian Kwon*,
- Eve Tsai§,
- Sean Christie¶,
- Carly Rivers‡,
- Dilinuer Kuerban‡,
- Henry Ahn**,
- Najmedden Attabib¶,
- Christopher Bailey††,
- Brian Drew‡‡,
- Michael Fehlings**,
- Joel Finkelstein**,
- Daryl Fourney§§,
- R. John Hurlbert¶¶,
- Stefan Parent***,
- Charles Fisher*,
- Marcel Dvorak*
- *University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C.
- †Laval University, Québec, Que.
- ‡Rick Hansen Institute, Vancouver, B.C.
- §University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.
- ¶Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S.
- **University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
- ††Western University, London, Ont.
- ‡‡McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.
- §§University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.
- ¶¶University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.
- ***Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que.
- Jérôme Paquet*,
- Vanessa Noonan†,‡,
- Brian Kwon†,
- Eve Tsai§,
- Sean Christie¶,
- Carly Rivers‡,
- Henry Ahn**,
- Najmedden Attabib¶,
- Christopher Bailey††,
- Brian Drew‡‡,
- Michael Fehlings**,
- Joel Finkelstein**,
- Daryl Fourney§§,
- R. John Hurlbert¶¶,
- Stefan Parent***,
- Dilinuer Kuerban‡,
- Marcel Dvorak†
- *Laval University, Québec, Que.
- †University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C.
- ‡Rick Hansen Institute, Vancouver, B.C.
- §University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.
- ¶Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S.
- **University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
- ††Western University, London, Ont.
- ‡‡McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.
- §§University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.
- ¶¶University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.
- ***Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que.
- Masoud Malakoutian*,
- John Street†,
- Hans-Joachim Wilke‡,
- Ian Stavness§,
- Marcel Dvorak†,
- Sidney Fels¶,
- Thomas Oxland*,†
- *Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C.
- †Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C.
- ‡Centre of Musculoskeletal Research, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- §Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.
- ¶Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C.
- Anick Nater*,
- Michael Fehlings*,
- Lindsay Tetreault*,
- Branko Kopjar†,
- Paul Arnold‡,
- Mark Dekutoski§,
- Joel Finkelstein¶,
- Charles Fisher**,
- John France††,
- Ziya Gokaslan‡‡,
- Eric Massicotte*,
- Laurence Rhines§§,
- Peter Rose¶¶,
- Arjun Sahgal¶,
- James Schuster***,
- Alexander Vaccaro†††
- *University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
- †University of Washington, Seattle, Wash.
- ‡University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- §CORE Institute, Phoenix, Ariz.
- ¶Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.
- **University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, B.C.
- ††West Virginia University, Morgantown, W. Va.
- ‡‡Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, R.I.
- §§University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- ¶¶Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn.
- ***University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.
- †††Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa.
- Anne Versteeg*,
- Nicolas Dea†,
- Stefano Boriani‡,
- Peter P. Varga§,
- Alessandro Luzzati¶,
- Michael Fehlings**,
- Mark Bilsky††,
- Laurence Rhines‡‡,
- Jeremy Reynolds§§,
- Mark Dekutoski¶¶,
- Ziya Gokaslan***,
- Niccole Germscheid†††,
- Charles Fisher‡‡‡
- *University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- †Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.
- ‡Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
- §National Center for Spinal Disorders and Buda Health Center, Budapest, Hungary
- ¶Ortopedica Oncologica e Ricostruttiva del Rachide, Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
- **University of Toronto and Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ont.
- ††Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, N.Y.
- ‡‡University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- §§Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, U.K.
- ¶¶CORE Institute, Phoenix, Ariz.
- ***Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, R.I.
- †††AOSpine International, Davos, Switzerland
- ‡‡‡University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C.
- Markian Pahuta,
- Carl van Walraven,
- Doug Coyle,
- Joel Werier,
- Eugene Wai
- Narihito Nagoshi,
- Lindsay Tetreault,
- Hiroaki Nakashima,
- Aria Nouri,
- Michael Fehlings
- Carlo Santaguida*,
- Michael Fehlings†,
- Branko Kopjar‡,
- Paul Arnold§,
- Helton Defino¶,
- Shashank Kale**,
- S. Tim Yoon††,
- Giuseppe Barbagallo‡‡,
- Ronald Bartels§§,
- Qiang Zhou¶¶,
- Alexander Vaccaro***
- *McGill University, Montreal, Que.
- †University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
- ‡University of Washington, Seattle, Wash.
- §University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas
- ¶University of Sao Paulo Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
- **AIIMS, New Delhi, India
- ††Emory University, Atlanta, Ga.
- ‡‡Universitaria Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
- §§Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- ¶¶Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, China
- ***Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa.
- Mina Aziz,
- Michael Johnson,
- Steven Passmore,
- Michael Goytan,
- Cheryl Glazebrook
- Firoz Miyanji*,
- Sameer Desai*,
- Amer F. Samdani†,
- Suken A. Shah‡,
- Jahangir Asghar§,
- Burt Yaszay¶,
- Harry L. Shufflebarger§,
- Randal R. Betz**,
- Peter Newton††
- *BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, B.C.
- †Shriner’s Hospitals for Children, Philadelphia, Pa.
- ‡Nemours/Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Del.
- §Nicklaus Children’s Hospital, Miami, Fla.
- ¶Children’s Specialists, San Diego, Calif.
- **Institute for Spine and Scoliosis, Lawrenceville, N.J.
- ††Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, Calif.
- Darren M. Roffey*,†,
- Adbdulghader Alfasi†,
- Emile L. Hashem‡,
- Gabrielle D. Papineau*,§,
- Stephen P. Kingwell*,§,
- Eugene K. Wai†,§
- *University of Ottawa Spine Program, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.
- †Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.
- ‡Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.
- §Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.
- Michael Fehlings*,
- Jefferson Wilson*,
- Paul Arnold†,
- Christopher Shaffrey‡,
- Mohammed Shamji*,
- Thomas Mroz§,
- Andrea Skelly¶,
- Jens Chapman**,
- Lindsay Tetreault*,
- Bizhan Aarabi††,
- Steve Casha‡‡
- *University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
- †University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- ‡University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va.
- §Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- ¶Spectrum Research Inc., Tacoma, Wash.
- **Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, Wash.
- ††University of Maryland, Baltimore, Md.
- ‡‡Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alta.
- Justin S. Smith*,
- Eric Klineberg†,
- Christopher I. Shaffrey*,
- Virginie Lafage‡,
- Frank J. Schwab‡,
- Themistocles Protopsaltis§,
- Justin K. Scheer¶,
- Tamir Ailon**,
- Subaraman Ramachandran*,
- Alan Daniels††,
- Gregory Mundis‡‡,
- Munish Gupta†,
- Vedat Deviren§§,
- Christopher P. Ames§§,
- International Spine Study Group†,††
- *University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va.
- †University of California Davis, Davis, Calif.
- ‡Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, N.Y.
- §NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York, N.Y.
- ¶University of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif.
- **University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C.
- ††Brown University, Providence, R.I.
- ‡‡San Diego Center for Spinal Disorders, La Jolla, Calif.
- §§University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif.
- Travis Marion,
- Tamir Ailon,
- Michael Boyd,
- Marcel Dvorak,
- Charles Fisher,
- Brian Kwon,
- Scott Paquette,
- John Street
- Firoz Miyanji*,
- Chris Reilly*,
- Suken A. Shah†,
- David H. Clements‡,
- Amer F. Samdani§,
- Sameer Desai*,
- Baron S. Lonner¶,
- Harry L. Shufflebarger**,
- Randal R. Betz††,
- Peter Newton‡‡
- *BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, B.C.
- †Nemours/Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Del.
- ‡Cooper Bone and Joint Institute, Camden, N.J.
- §Shriner’s Hospitals for Children, Philadelphia, Pa.
- ¶Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, N.Y.
- **Miami Children’s Hospital, Miami, Fla.
- ††Institute for Spine & Scoliosis, Lawrenceville, N.J.
- ‡‡Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego, San Diego, Calif.
- Austin Enright,
- Mike Johnson,
- Steve Passmore,
- Mike Goytan
- Michael Fehlings*,
- Anick Nater*,
- Lindsay Tetreault*,
- Branko Kopjar†,
- Paul Arnold‡,
- Mark Dekutoski§,
- Joel Finkelstein¶,
- Charles Fisher**,
- John France††,
- Ziya Gokaslan‡‡,
- Eric Massicotte*,
- Laurence Rhines§§,
- Peter Rose¶¶,
- Arjun Sahgal¶,
- James Schuster***,
- Alexander Vaccaro†††
- *University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
- †University of Washington, Seattle, Wash.
- ‡University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- §CORE Institute, Phoenix, Ariz.
- ¶Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.
- **University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, B.C.
- ††West Virginia University, Morgantown, W.Va.
- ‡‡Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI
- §§University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- ¶¶Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn.
- ***University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.
- †††Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa.
- Ayoub Dakson,
- Erika Leck,
- Sean Christie
- Ayoub Dakson,
- Erika Leck,
- Sean Christie
- Erika Leck,
- Ayoub Dakson,
- Sean Christie