Background: With the transition to a Competence by Design (CBD) curriculum, Fellow of the
Royal College of Physicians in Emergency Medicine (FRCP-EM) training has created …

Background: Resident-focused curricula that support competency acquisition in concussion
care are currently lacking. We sought to fill this gap by developing and evaluating Spiral …

Background: The start of the COVID-19 pandemic caused a shift in medical education from
the classroom to the virtual setting. This abrupt change led to an increase in stress among …

The Institute of Medicine (Kohn et al, 2000) reports that effective team function is a core
principle of safe health care systems. Lemieux-Charles and McGuire (2006)’s Integrated Team …

Background: Bile Duct Injury (BDI) is rare, with 0.15–0.35% occurrence following cholecystectomy
(1, 2, 3, 4) but often associated with increased mortality rates (4). Severity depends on …

… The team also consisted of 12 talented medical illustrators, led by Merry Wang and Tobi
Lam, from the Biomedical Communications program at the University of Toronto. Finally, this …

… To Tobi Lam, who has helped me struggle through many a computer challenge that
should have been simple, thank-you for all your patience and help. …

… Tobi Lam for her assistance with the graphic design of the schema, Ms. Sarah Meilach for
her administrative assistance and the Western University Faculty of Medicine for supporting …

… Acknowledgements: the authors would like to acknowledge Tobi Lam, Institute of Medical
Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, for her assistance in …

Many previous studies have investigated the role of urban greening (especially trees) on
thermal comfort condition of open spaces while its influence in street canyons has, however, …