Abstracts
Open Access
C-CASE 2023: Promoting Excellence in Surgical Education01. Near-peer tutoring: an effective adjunct for virtual anatomy learning02. Surgical Exploration and Discovery: perspectives on student-led debriefs in undergraduate surgical education03. How are emotions of medical residents and faculty in general surgery affected by new assessment mandates implemented in medical education?04. Equity, diversity and inclusion in medical residency: a Web-based analysis of Canadian PGME efforts05. The use of virtual patient case simulations in surgical postgraduate teaching innovations06. Outcomes of the Canadian Orthopaedic Surgery Medical Education Course07. Educational effectiveness of social media as a continuing professional development intervention among practising surgeons: a systematic review08. Factors influencing medical students’ decision to pursue a career in surgery in North America: a systematic review09. Improving operating room teamwork: Do current strategies offer actionable solutions?10. Affective influence on lumbar laminectomy performance on a virtual reality spine simulator11. Exploring the shifting landscape in the match outcomes of women applying to surgical residency programs in Canada: Have we achieved equity?12. Exploring residents’ emotion-regulation strategies and their effectiveness in team-based surgical simulations13. Impact of an educational workshop for medical student surgical clerkship rotation preparation14. McGill Surgical Exploration and Discovery: impact on medical students’ perception and skills in surgery15. Does BlackBox Explorer Technology improve operative teaching for surgical residents?16. The impact of a deceased donor organ procurement workshop on surgical transplant fellows’ confidence and competence17. Vascular anastomosis workshop improves general surgery residents’ confidence and competence18. A comparative analysis of video-based versus text-based learning resources for Foley catheter insertion and the implications for medical student procedural skills training: a pilot study19. Improving assessment and training in craniosynostosis: the role of interactive 3-D models and multimodal e-learning20. Anatomy of a strategic plan for education: driving innovation in McMaster’s Division of Cardiac Surgery21. Optimizing the learner’s role in feedback: development of a feedback-preparedness online application for medical students in the clinical setting22. Trainee response to artificial intelligent tutor instruction in surgical simulation23. Promoting diversity in surgery through UofC UpSurge24. Evaluating the benefit of a novel surgical robotic training workshop for general surgery and subspecialty trainees in Canada25. Undergraduate surgery learning objectives: illuminating discrepancies among Canadian medical schools26. Cerebral corticectomy in ex-vivo calf brain model: face and content validation27. Validating a virtual simulation tool for local and regional flap reconstruction in the head and neck28. The impact of a surgical boot camp and near-peer teaching on the acquisition of basic surgical skills in medical students transitioning to clerkship29. Evaluating the impact of the MLASE checklist on surgical training literature involving machine learning and virtual reality: a comparative analysis30. Exploring the impact of LearnENT’s social media as a powerful tool in OHNS medical education31. MiHolo, a holographic training tool for minimally invasive mitral valve repair surgery32. Evaluating the impact of medical students’ participation in telephone visits for patients with breast cancer: a pilot study33. The importance of understanding the personalities of surgeons when choosing a career: medical students’ perspectives34. A conversation on the current state of diversity, equity and inclusion in surgery35. Current state of female and BIPOC representation in Canadian medical education administration leadership36. What’s in a name? The development of trust and familiarity in dynamic interprofessional operating room teams37. Development and pilot of a plastic and reconstructive surgery case-based learning curriculum38. Women in surgery: a qualitative study of gendered experiences within everyday surgical life39. An interdisciplinary complex airway crisis resource management simulation training module for otolaryngology residents: a longitudinal experience40. Assessing the accuracy of responses by ChatGPT to questions regarding pediatric surgery
Canadian Conference for the Advancement of Surgical Education, Oct. 12–13, 2023, Montréal, Quebec
Jeffrey Sioufi, Sarah Moussa, Sonaina Chopra, Mohamed S. Bondok, Nancy Posel, Anser Daud, Arashk Ghasroddashti, Ethan D. Patterson, Mostafa Bondok, Trisha Tee, Mostafa Bondok, Keerat Grewal, Emily Lan-Vy Nguyen, Nehal Islam, Aradhana Tewari, Shilpa Balaji, Shilpa Balaji, Joseph Nashed, Davy Lau, Charlotte C. McEwen, Victoria Blouin, Puja Pachchigar, Ifeoluwa Adedipe, Simon Laplante, Maren Brodovsky, Abdulrahman Almansouri, Ella Koonar, Éolie Delisle, Bianca Giglio, Gizelle Francis, Clément Schneider, Zakaria Tamani, Giancarlo Sticca, Yasmin Osman, Rahim Valji, Tobi Lam, Alexandra D’Souza, Jillian Schneidman, George Gerardis, Megan Skakum, Brandon Hall, Ryan Antel, Mathushan Subasri, Mustafa Fakih, Nehal Islam, Reggie C. Hamdy, Jason M. Harley, Amy Keuhl, Ereny Bassilious, Jonathan Sherbino, Elif Bilgic, Mostafa Bondok, Liana Martel, Christine Law, David Fleiszer, Tyler Hauer, Noah Carr-Pries, Kalter Hali, Jesse Wolfstadt, Peter Ferguson, Fatimah Sorefan-Mangou, Rosephine Del Fernandes, Erin Williams, Ken Choi, Boris Zevin, Sawmmiya Kirupaharan, Steve Mann, Andrea Winthrop, Boris Zevin, Nibras Ghanmi, Cole Etherington, Youssef Saddiki, Isabelle Lefebvre, Pauline Berthelot, Pierre-Marc Dion, Benjamin Raymond, Jeanne Seguin, Pooyan Sekhavati, Sindeed Islam, Sylvain Boet, Puja Pachchigar, Bilal Tarabay, Recai Yilmaz, Nour Abou Hamdan, Chinyelum Agu, Abdulrahman Almansouri, Jason Harley, Rolando Del Maestro, Mohamed S. Bondok, Anne Xuan-Lan Nguyen, Christine Law, Nawaaz Nathoo, Nupura Bakshi, Nina Ahuja, Karim F. Damji, Sayed Azher, Matthew Moreno, Reinhard Pekrun, Jeffrey Wiseman, Gerald M. Fried, Susanne Lajoie, Ryan Brydges, Allyson Hadwin, Ning-Zi Sun, Elene Khalil, Jason M. Harley, Prachikumari Patel, Hala Muaddi, Nadia Rukavina, Roxana Bucur, Chaya Shwaartz, Sarah Moussa, Mathushan Subasri, Moustafa Fakih, Reggie Charles Hamdy, Evan Wong, Ryan Brydges, Marisa Louridas, Prachi Patel, Hala Muaddi, Karolina Gaebe, Carla Luzzi, Aileigh Kay, Nadia Rukavina, Markus Selzner, Trevor Reichman, Chaya Shwaartz, Hala Muaddi, Ali Shahabinezhad, Prachi Patel, Nadia Rukavina, Trevor Reichman, Shiva Jayaraman, Chaya Shwaartz, Luca Ramelli, Owen Kolasky, Tiffany Dickenson, Mike Dullege, Annie Kang, Andrea Winthrop, Steve Mann, Erika Henkelman, John Jacob, Isabella Watson, Faizal Haji, Iqbal Jaffer, Matthew Sibbald, Florence Bénard, Florence Pelletier, Sandy Abdo, Léamarie Meloche-Dumas, Bill Kapralos, Adam Dubrowski, Erica Patocskai, Chinyelum Agu, Recai Yilmaz, Trisha Tee, Rolando Del Maestro, Carolyn Stephens, Merry Ghebretatios, Prachi Patel, Shilpa Balaji, Hala Muaddi, Nadia Rukavina, Chaya Shwaartz, Carolyn Lai, Abdollah Behzadi, Geoffrey Blair, Nour Abou Hamdan, Recai Yilmaz, Trisha Tee, Puja Pachchigar, Mohammadreza Eskandari, Chinyelum Agu, Bianca Giglio, Neevya Balasubramaniam, Josh Bierbrier, D. Louis Collins, Houssem-Eddine Gueziri, Rolando F. Del Maestro, Fatemeh Ramazani, Robert Hart, Jessica Henley, Sam Roberts, Shamir Chandarana, Wayne Matthews, Christiaan Schrag, Jennifer Matthews, David Mackenzie, Court Cutting, Justin Lui, Tomas Cordoba, Carlos Cordoba, Adrien Lacroix, Julianne Cairns, Ahmad Alsayegh, Mohamed Alhantoobi, Neevya Balasubramaniam, Widad Safih, Meriem Hamel, Rolando Del Maestro, Alexander Moise, Youssef Omar, Kalpesh Hathi, Dorsa Mavedatnia, Elysia Grose, Timothy Philips, Denis Corbin, François Lesage, Michel Pellerin, Walid Ben-Ali, Maxine Joly-Chevrier, Florence Bénard, Léamarie Meloche-Dumas, Laurence Laflamme, Kerianne Boulva, Rami Younan, Adam Dubrowski, Erica Patocskai, Joseph Petruccelli, Dominique Dorion, Florence Bénard, Merieme Habti, Léamarie Meloche-Dumas, Xaviery Duranleau, Kerianne Boulva, Ahmad Kaviani, Rami Younan, Adam Dubrowski, Kiara Vessella, Erica Patocskai, Simon Turner, Melanie Hammond Mobilio, Jacob Hirsh, Dean Lising, Tulin Cil, Edyta Marcon, Carol-Anne Moulton, Thomas Milazzo, Shaishav Datta, Chantal Valiquette, Emma Avery, Sophocles Voineskos, Melinda Musgrave, Kyle Wanzel, Neil Armstrong, Jennifer Silver, Milène A Azzam, Rachel Fisher, Ilana Banks, Meredith Young, Lily HP Nguyen, BJ Hancock, Suyin Lum Min, Fouad Youssef, Richard Keijzer, Melanie Morris, Anna Shawyer and Giuseppe Retrosi
Can J Surg December 08, 2023 66 (6 Suppl 2) S137-S150; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1503/cjs.014523
Jeffrey Sioufi
From the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Que.
From the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Moussa, Subasri, Fakih, Islam); and the Shriners Hospital for Children and Division of Orthopaedics, Montreal Children’s Hospital, Montréal, Que. (Hamdy).
Sarah Moussa
Sonaina Chopra
From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Chopra, Keuhl, Bassilious, Sherbino, Bilgic); and McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Harley).
Mohamed S. Bondok
From the Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alb. (M.S. Bondok); the UBC Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. (M. Bondok); the Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Martel); and the Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont. (Law).
From McGill University, Montréal, Que.
Nancy Posel
Anser Daud
From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
Arashk Ghasroddashti
From Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.
Ethan D. Patterson
From Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.
From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. (Bondok); the Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Ghanmi, Saddiki, Lefebvre, Berthelot, Dion, Raymond, Seguin, Sekhavati, Islam); the Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont. (Etherington, Boet); the Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont (Boet); and the Department of Innovation in Medical Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Boet).
Mostafa Bondok
Trisha Tee
From the Neurosurgical Simulation and Artificial Intelligence Learning Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Tee, Pachchigar, Tarabay, Yilmaz, Abou Hamdan, Agu, Almansouri, Del Maestro); the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Del Maestro); the University of Montreal Health Centre, Montréal, Que. (Tarabay); and the Simulation, Affect, Innovation, Learning, and Surgery Laboratory, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Harley).
Mostafa Bondok
From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. (M. Bondok); the Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alb. (M.S. Bondok); the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Nguyen); the Department of Ophthalmology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont. (Law); the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. (Nathoo); the Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Bakshi); the Division of Ophthalmology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Ahuja); and the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (Damji).
Keerat Grewal
From McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Grewal, Azher, Moreno, Wiseman, Fried, Lajoie, Sun, Harley); the University of Essex, Colchester, UK (Pekrun); the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Pekrun); the Australian Catholic University, Sydney, Australia (Pekrun); the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Brydges); the University of Victoria, Victoria, B.C. (Hadwin); the McGill University Health Centre for Interprofessional Simulation, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Khalil); and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Harley).
Emily Lan-Vy Nguyen
From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Nguyen); Abdominal Transplant, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Shwaartz); General Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Shwaartz, Muaddi); and HPB Surgical Oncology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Shwaartz, Bucur, Rukavina, Patel).
Nehal Islam
From McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que.
Aradhana Tewari
From St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Tewari, Brydges, Louridas); and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Brydges, Louridas).
Shilpa Balaji
From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Balaji, Gaebe, Selzner, Reichman, Shwaartz); the University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Patel, Luzzi, Kay, Rukavina, Reichman, Shwaartz); and the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. (Muaddi).
Shilpa Balaji
From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Balaji, Reichman, Jayaraman, Shwaartz); the University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Shahabinezhad, Patel, Rukavina, Reichman, Shwaartz); Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Jayaraman); and the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. (Muaddi).
Joseph Nashed
From Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.
Davy Lau
From the University of British Columbia and the B.C. Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, B.C. (Lau, Henkelman, Watson, Haji); and the B.C. Children’s Hospital Digital Laboratory, Vancouver, B.C., (Jacob).
Charlotte C. McEwen
From the Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (McEwen, Jaffer, Sibbald); Division of Cardiac Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (McEwen, Jaffer); Division of Cardiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Sibbald); and the McMaster Education Research, Innovation and Theory Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Sibbald).
Victoria Blouin
From l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Blouin, Bénard, Pelletier, Meloche-Dumas, Patocskai); and Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont. (Abdo, Kapralos, Dubrowski).
Puja Pachchigar
From the Neurosurgical Simulation and Artificial Intelligence Learning Centre, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Pachchigar, Agu, Yilmaz, Tee Del Maestro); and l’École polytechnique universitaire de Marseille, Marseille, France (Agu).
Ifeoluwa Adedipe
From the Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alb.
Simon Laplante
From the University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Patel, Laplante, Rukavina, Shwaartz); the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Balaji); and the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. (Muaddi).
Maren Brodovsky
From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Brodovsky, Behzadi); the Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont. (Lai); and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. (Blair).
Abdulrahman Almansouri
From McGill University, Montréal, Que.
Ella Koonar
From the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alb. (Koonar, Ramazani, Hart, Henley, Roberts, Chandarana, W. Matthews, Schrag, J. Matthews, Mackenzie, Lui); and New York University, New York, NY (Cutting).
Éolie Delisle
From the Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Delisle, T. Cordoba); and the Centre hospitalier universitaire de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (C. Cordoba).
Bianca Giglio
From the Neurosurgical Simulation and Artificial Intelligence Learning Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que.
Gizelle Francis
From Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S. (Francis, Hathi); McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Moise); the University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask. (Omar); the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Mavedatnia, Grose); and Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont. (Philips).
Clément Schneider
From the Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; and the Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.
Zakaria Tamani
From the Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Tamani, Joly-Chevrier, Laflamme); General Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Bénard, Meloche-Dumas); Surgical Oncology, Centre hospitalier de l’université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Boulva, Younan); and Health Sciences, maxSIMhealth Laboratory, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont. (Dubrowski, Patocskai).
Giancarlo Sticca
From the Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Sticca); McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Petruccelli); and the University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que. (Dorion).
Yasmin Osman
From the Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Osman, Bénard, Habti, Meloche-Dumas); McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Duranleau); the Centre hospitalier de l’université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Boulva, Kaviani, Younan, Patocskai); the maxSIMhealth Laboratory, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont. (Dubrowski); and Dawson College, Montréal, Que. (Vessella).
Rahim Valji
From the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alb.
Tobi Lam
From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
Alexandra D’Souza
From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (D’Souza, Milazzo, Datta, Valiquette, Avery, Voineskos, Musgrave, Wanzel); and the Division of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Datta, Valiquette, Avery, Voineskos, Musgrave, Wanzel).
Jillian Schneidman
From McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Schneidman); and the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (Schneidman, Armstrong).
George Gerardis
From McGill University, Montréal, Que.
Megan Skakum
From the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.
Brandon Hall
From the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Que.
From the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Moussa, Subasri, Fakih, Islam); and the Shriners Hospital for Children and Division of Orthopaedics, Montreal Children’s Hospital, Montréal, Que. (Hamdy).
Ryan Antel
From the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Que.
From the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Moussa, Subasri, Fakih, Islam); and the Shriners Hospital for Children and Division of Orthopaedics, Montreal Children’s Hospital, Montréal, Que. (Hamdy).
Mathushan Subasri
Mustafa Fakih
Nehal Islam
Reggie C. Hamdy
Jason M. Harley
From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Chopra, Keuhl, Bassilious, Sherbino, Bilgic); and McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Harley).
Amy Keuhl
From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Chopra, Keuhl, Bassilious, Sherbino, Bilgic); and McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Harley).
Ereny Bassilious
From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Chopra, Keuhl, Bassilious, Sherbino, Bilgic); and McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Harley).
Jonathan Sherbino
From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Chopra, Keuhl, Bassilious, Sherbino, Bilgic); and McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Harley).
Elif Bilgic
From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Chopra, Keuhl, Bassilious, Sherbino, Bilgic); and McGill University, Montreal, Que. (Harley).
Mostafa Bondok
From the Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alb. (M.S. Bondok); the UBC Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. (M. Bondok); the Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Martel); and the Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont. (Law).
From McGill University, Montréal, Que.
Liana Martel
From the Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alb. (M.S. Bondok); the UBC Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. (M. Bondok); the Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Martel); and the Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont. (Law).
From McGill University, Montréal, Que.
Christine Law
From the Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alb. (M.S. Bondok); the UBC Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. (M. Bondok); the Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Martel); and the Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont. (Law).
From McGill University, Montréal, Que.
David Fleiszer
Tyler Hauer
From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
Noah Carr-Pries
From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
Kalter Hali
From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
Jesse Wolfstadt
From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
Peter Ferguson
From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
Fatimah Sorefan-Mangou
From Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.
Rosephine Del Fernandes
From Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.
Erin Williams
From Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.
Ken Choi
From Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.
Boris Zevin
From Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.
Sawmmiya Kirupaharan
From Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.
From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. (Bondok); the Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Ghanmi, Saddiki, Lefebvre, Berthelot, Dion, Raymond, Seguin, Sekhavati, Islam); the Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont. (Etherington, Boet); the Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont (Boet); and the Department of Innovation in Medical Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Boet).
Steve Mann
From Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.
From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. (Bondok); the Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Ghanmi, Saddiki, Lefebvre, Berthelot, Dion, Raymond, Seguin, Sekhavati, Islam); the Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont. (Etherington, Boet); the Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont (Boet); and the Department of Innovation in Medical Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Boet).
Andrea Winthrop
From Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.
From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. (Bondok); the Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Ghanmi, Saddiki, Lefebvre, Berthelot, Dion, Raymond, Seguin, Sekhavati, Islam); the Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont. (Etherington, Boet); the Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont (Boet); and the Department of Innovation in Medical Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Boet).
Boris Zevin
From Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.
From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. (Bondok); the Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Ghanmi, Saddiki, Lefebvre, Berthelot, Dion, Raymond, Seguin, Sekhavati, Islam); the Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont. (Etherington, Boet); the Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont (Boet); and the Department of Innovation in Medical Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Boet).
Nibras Ghanmi
Cole Etherington
Youssef Saddiki
Isabelle Lefebvre
Pauline Berthelot
Pierre-Marc Dion
Benjamin Raymond
Jeanne Seguin
Pooyan Sekhavati
Sindeed Islam
Sylvain Boet
Puja Pachchigar
From the Neurosurgical Simulation and Artificial Intelligence Learning Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Tee, Pachchigar, Tarabay, Yilmaz, Abou Hamdan, Agu, Almansouri, Del Maestro); the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Del Maestro); the University of Montreal Health Centre, Montréal, Que. (Tarabay); and the Simulation, Affect, Innovation, Learning, and Surgery Laboratory, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Harley).
Bilal Tarabay
From the Neurosurgical Simulation and Artificial Intelligence Learning Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Tee, Pachchigar, Tarabay, Yilmaz, Abou Hamdan, Agu, Almansouri, Del Maestro); the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Del Maestro); the University of Montreal Health Centre, Montréal, Que. (Tarabay); and the Simulation, Affect, Innovation, Learning, and Surgery Laboratory, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Harley).
Recai Yilmaz
From the Neurosurgical Simulation and Artificial Intelligence Learning Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Tee, Pachchigar, Tarabay, Yilmaz, Abou Hamdan, Agu, Almansouri, Del Maestro); the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Del Maestro); the University of Montreal Health Centre, Montréal, Que. (Tarabay); and the Simulation, Affect, Innovation, Learning, and Surgery Laboratory, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Harley).
Nour Abou Hamdan
From the Neurosurgical Simulation and Artificial Intelligence Learning Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Tee, Pachchigar, Tarabay, Yilmaz, Abou Hamdan, Agu, Almansouri, Del Maestro); the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Del Maestro); the University of Montreal Health Centre, Montréal, Que. (Tarabay); and the Simulation, Affect, Innovation, Learning, and Surgery Laboratory, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Harley).
Chinyelum Agu
From the Neurosurgical Simulation and Artificial Intelligence Learning Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Tee, Pachchigar, Tarabay, Yilmaz, Abou Hamdan, Agu, Almansouri, Del Maestro); the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Del Maestro); the University of Montreal Health Centre, Montréal, Que. (Tarabay); and the Simulation, Affect, Innovation, Learning, and Surgery Laboratory, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Harley).
Abdulrahman Almansouri
From the Neurosurgical Simulation and Artificial Intelligence Learning Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Tee, Pachchigar, Tarabay, Yilmaz, Abou Hamdan, Agu, Almansouri, Del Maestro); the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Del Maestro); the University of Montreal Health Centre, Montréal, Que. (Tarabay); and the Simulation, Affect, Innovation, Learning, and Surgery Laboratory, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Harley).
Jason Harley
From the Neurosurgical Simulation and Artificial Intelligence Learning Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Tee, Pachchigar, Tarabay, Yilmaz, Abou Hamdan, Agu, Almansouri, Del Maestro); the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Del Maestro); the University of Montreal Health Centre, Montréal, Que. (Tarabay); and the Simulation, Affect, Innovation, Learning, and Surgery Laboratory, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Harley).
Rolando Del Maestro
From the Neurosurgical Simulation and Artificial Intelligence Learning Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Tee, Pachchigar, Tarabay, Yilmaz, Abou Hamdan, Agu, Almansouri, Del Maestro); the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Del Maestro); the University of Montreal Health Centre, Montréal, Que. (Tarabay); and the Simulation, Affect, Innovation, Learning, and Surgery Laboratory, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Harley).
Mohamed S. Bondok
From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. (M. Bondok); the Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alb. (M.S. Bondok); the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Nguyen); the Department of Ophthalmology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont. (Law); the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. (Nathoo); the Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Bakshi); the Division of Ophthalmology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Ahuja); and the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (Damji).
Anne Xuan-Lan Nguyen
From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. (M. Bondok); the Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alb. (M.S. Bondok); the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Nguyen); the Department of Ophthalmology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont. (Law); the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. (Nathoo); the Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Bakshi); the Division of Ophthalmology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Ahuja); and the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (Damji).
Christine Law
From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. (M. Bondok); the Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alb. (M.S. Bondok); the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Nguyen); the Department of Ophthalmology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont. (Law); the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. (Nathoo); the Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Bakshi); the Division of Ophthalmology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Ahuja); and the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (Damji).
Nawaaz Nathoo
From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. (M. Bondok); the Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alb. (M.S. Bondok); the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Nguyen); the Department of Ophthalmology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont. (Law); the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. (Nathoo); the Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Bakshi); the Division of Ophthalmology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Ahuja); and the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (Damji).
Nupura Bakshi
From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. (M. Bondok); the Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alb. (M.S. Bondok); the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Nguyen); the Department of Ophthalmology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont. (Law); the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. (Nathoo); the Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Bakshi); the Division of Ophthalmology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Ahuja); and the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (Damji).
Nina Ahuja
From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. (M. Bondok); the Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alb. (M.S. Bondok); the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Nguyen); the Department of Ophthalmology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont. (Law); the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. (Nathoo); the Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Bakshi); the Division of Ophthalmology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Ahuja); and the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (Damji).
Karim F. Damji
From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. (M. Bondok); the Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alb. (M.S. Bondok); the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Nguyen); the Department of Ophthalmology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont. (Law); the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. (Nathoo); the Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Bakshi); the Division of Ophthalmology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Ahuja); and the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (Damji).
Sayed Azher
From McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Grewal, Azher, Moreno, Wiseman, Fried, Lajoie, Sun, Harley); the University of Essex, Colchester, UK (Pekrun); the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Pekrun); the Australian Catholic University, Sydney, Australia (Pekrun); the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Brydges); the University of Victoria, Victoria, B.C. (Hadwin); the McGill University Health Centre for Interprofessional Simulation, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Khalil); and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Harley).
Matthew Moreno
From McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Grewal, Azher, Moreno, Wiseman, Fried, Lajoie, Sun, Harley); the University of Essex, Colchester, UK (Pekrun); the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Pekrun); the Australian Catholic University, Sydney, Australia (Pekrun); the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Brydges); the University of Victoria, Victoria, B.C. (Hadwin); the McGill University Health Centre for Interprofessional Simulation, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Khalil); and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Harley).
Reinhard Pekrun
From McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Grewal, Azher, Moreno, Wiseman, Fried, Lajoie, Sun, Harley); the University of Essex, Colchester, UK (Pekrun); the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Pekrun); the Australian Catholic University, Sydney, Australia (Pekrun); the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Brydges); the University of Victoria, Victoria, B.C. (Hadwin); the McGill University Health Centre for Interprofessional Simulation, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Khalil); and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Harley).
Jeffrey Wiseman
From McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Grewal, Azher, Moreno, Wiseman, Fried, Lajoie, Sun, Harley); the University of Essex, Colchester, UK (Pekrun); the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Pekrun); the Australian Catholic University, Sydney, Australia (Pekrun); the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Brydges); the University of Victoria, Victoria, B.C. (Hadwin); the McGill University Health Centre for Interprofessional Simulation, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Khalil); and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Harley).
Gerald M. Fried
From McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Grewal, Azher, Moreno, Wiseman, Fried, Lajoie, Sun, Harley); the University of Essex, Colchester, UK (Pekrun); the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Pekrun); the Australian Catholic University, Sydney, Australia (Pekrun); the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Brydges); the University of Victoria, Victoria, B.C. (Hadwin); the McGill University Health Centre for Interprofessional Simulation, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Khalil); and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Harley).
Susanne Lajoie
From McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Grewal, Azher, Moreno, Wiseman, Fried, Lajoie, Sun, Harley); the University of Essex, Colchester, UK (Pekrun); the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Pekrun); the Australian Catholic University, Sydney, Australia (Pekrun); the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Brydges); the University of Victoria, Victoria, B.C. (Hadwin); the McGill University Health Centre for Interprofessional Simulation, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Khalil); and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Harley).
Ryan Brydges
From McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Grewal, Azher, Moreno, Wiseman, Fried, Lajoie, Sun, Harley); the University of Essex, Colchester, UK (Pekrun); the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Pekrun); the Australian Catholic University, Sydney, Australia (Pekrun); the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Brydges); the University of Victoria, Victoria, B.C. (Hadwin); the McGill University Health Centre for Interprofessional Simulation, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Khalil); and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Harley).
Allyson Hadwin
From McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Grewal, Azher, Moreno, Wiseman, Fried, Lajoie, Sun, Harley); the University of Essex, Colchester, UK (Pekrun); the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Pekrun); the Australian Catholic University, Sydney, Australia (Pekrun); the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Brydges); the University of Victoria, Victoria, B.C. (Hadwin); the McGill University Health Centre for Interprofessional Simulation, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Khalil); and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Harley).
Ning-Zi Sun
From McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Grewal, Azher, Moreno, Wiseman, Fried, Lajoie, Sun, Harley); the University of Essex, Colchester, UK (Pekrun); the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Pekrun); the Australian Catholic University, Sydney, Australia (Pekrun); the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Brydges); the University of Victoria, Victoria, B.C. (Hadwin); the McGill University Health Centre for Interprofessional Simulation, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Khalil); and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Harley).
Elene Khalil
From McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Grewal, Azher, Moreno, Wiseman, Fried, Lajoie, Sun, Harley); the University of Essex, Colchester, UK (Pekrun); the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Pekrun); the Australian Catholic University, Sydney, Australia (Pekrun); the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Brydges); the University of Victoria, Victoria, B.C. (Hadwin); the McGill University Health Centre for Interprofessional Simulation, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Khalil); and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Harley).
Jason M. Harley
From McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Grewal, Azher, Moreno, Wiseman, Fried, Lajoie, Sun, Harley); the University of Essex, Colchester, UK (Pekrun); the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Pekrun); the Australian Catholic University, Sydney, Australia (Pekrun); the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Brydges); the University of Victoria, Victoria, B.C. (Hadwin); the McGill University Health Centre for Interprofessional Simulation, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Khalil); and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Harley).
Prachikumari Patel
From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Nguyen); Abdominal Transplant, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Shwaartz); General Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Shwaartz, Muaddi); and HPB Surgical Oncology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Shwaartz, Bucur, Rukavina, Patel).
Hala Muaddi
From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Nguyen); Abdominal Transplant, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Shwaartz); General Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Shwaartz, Muaddi); and HPB Surgical Oncology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Shwaartz, Bucur, Rukavina, Patel).
Nadia Rukavina
From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Nguyen); Abdominal Transplant, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Shwaartz); General Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Shwaartz, Muaddi); and HPB Surgical Oncology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Shwaartz, Bucur, Rukavina, Patel).
Roxana Bucur
From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Nguyen); Abdominal Transplant, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Shwaartz); General Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Shwaartz, Muaddi); and HPB Surgical Oncology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Shwaartz, Bucur, Rukavina, Patel).
Chaya Shwaartz
From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Nguyen); Abdominal Transplant, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Shwaartz); General Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Shwaartz, Muaddi); and HPB Surgical Oncology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Shwaartz, Bucur, Rukavina, Patel).
Sarah Moussa
From McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que.
Mathushan Subasri
From McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que.
Moustafa Fakih
From McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que.
Reggie Charles Hamdy
From McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que.
Evan Wong
From McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que.
Ryan Brydges
From St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Tewari, Brydges, Louridas); and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Brydges, Louridas).
Marisa Louridas
From St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Tewari, Brydges, Louridas); and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Brydges, Louridas).
Prachi Patel
From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Balaji, Gaebe, Selzner, Reichman, Shwaartz); the University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Patel, Luzzi, Kay, Rukavina, Reichman, Shwaartz); and the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. (Muaddi).
Hala Muaddi
From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Balaji, Gaebe, Selzner, Reichman, Shwaartz); the University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Patel, Luzzi, Kay, Rukavina, Reichman, Shwaartz); and the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. (Muaddi).
Karolina Gaebe
From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Balaji, Gaebe, Selzner, Reichman, Shwaartz); the University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Patel, Luzzi, Kay, Rukavina, Reichman, Shwaartz); and the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. (Muaddi).
Carla Luzzi
From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Balaji, Gaebe, Selzner, Reichman, Shwaartz); the University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Patel, Luzzi, Kay, Rukavina, Reichman, Shwaartz); and the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. (Muaddi).
Aileigh Kay
From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Balaji, Gaebe, Selzner, Reichman, Shwaartz); the University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Patel, Luzzi, Kay, Rukavina, Reichman, Shwaartz); and the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. (Muaddi).
Nadia Rukavina
From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Balaji, Gaebe, Selzner, Reichman, Shwaartz); the University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Patel, Luzzi, Kay, Rukavina, Reichman, Shwaartz); and the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. (Muaddi).
Markus Selzner
From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Balaji, Gaebe, Selzner, Reichman, Shwaartz); the University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Patel, Luzzi, Kay, Rukavina, Reichman, Shwaartz); and the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. (Muaddi).
Trevor Reichman
From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Balaji, Gaebe, Selzner, Reichman, Shwaartz); the University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Patel, Luzzi, Kay, Rukavina, Reichman, Shwaartz); and the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. (Muaddi).
Chaya Shwaartz
From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Balaji, Gaebe, Selzner, Reichman, Shwaartz); the University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Patel, Luzzi, Kay, Rukavina, Reichman, Shwaartz); and the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. (Muaddi).
Hala Muaddi
From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Balaji, Reichman, Jayaraman, Shwaartz); the University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Shahabinezhad, Patel, Rukavina, Reichman, Shwaartz); Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Jayaraman); and the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. (Muaddi).
Ali Shahabinezhad
From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Balaji, Reichman, Jayaraman, Shwaartz); the University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Shahabinezhad, Patel, Rukavina, Reichman, Shwaartz); Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Jayaraman); and the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. (Muaddi).
Prachi Patel
From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Balaji, Reichman, Jayaraman, Shwaartz); the University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Shahabinezhad, Patel, Rukavina, Reichman, Shwaartz); Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Jayaraman); and the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. (Muaddi).
Nadia Rukavina
From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Balaji, Reichman, Jayaraman, Shwaartz); the University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Shahabinezhad, Patel, Rukavina, Reichman, Shwaartz); Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Jayaraman); and the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. (Muaddi).
Trevor Reichman
From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Balaji, Reichman, Jayaraman, Shwaartz); the University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Shahabinezhad, Patel, Rukavina, Reichman, Shwaartz); Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Jayaraman); and the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. (Muaddi).
Shiva Jayaraman
From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Balaji, Reichman, Jayaraman, Shwaartz); the University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Shahabinezhad, Patel, Rukavina, Reichman, Shwaartz); Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Jayaraman); and the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. (Muaddi).
Chaya Shwaartz
From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Balaji, Reichman, Jayaraman, Shwaartz); the University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Shahabinezhad, Patel, Rukavina, Reichman, Shwaartz); Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Jayaraman); and the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. (Muaddi).
Luca Ramelli
From Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.
Owen Kolasky
From Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.
Tiffany Dickenson
From Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.
Mike Dullege
From Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.
Annie Kang
From Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.
Andrea Winthrop
From Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.
Steve Mann
From Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.
Erika Henkelman
From the University of British Columbia and the B.C. Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, B.C. (Lau, Henkelman, Watson, Haji); and the B.C. Children’s Hospital Digital Laboratory, Vancouver, B.C., (Jacob).
John Jacob
From the University of British Columbia and the B.C. Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, B.C. (Lau, Henkelman, Watson, Haji); and the B.C. Children’s Hospital Digital Laboratory, Vancouver, B.C., (Jacob).
Isabella Watson
From the University of British Columbia and the B.C. Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, B.C. (Lau, Henkelman, Watson, Haji); and the B.C. Children’s Hospital Digital Laboratory, Vancouver, B.C., (Jacob).
Faizal Haji
From the University of British Columbia and the B.C. Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, B.C. (Lau, Henkelman, Watson, Haji); and the B.C. Children’s Hospital Digital Laboratory, Vancouver, B.C., (Jacob).
Iqbal Jaffer
From the Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (McEwen, Jaffer, Sibbald); Division of Cardiac Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (McEwen, Jaffer); Division of Cardiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Sibbald); and the McMaster Education Research, Innovation and Theory Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Sibbald).
Matthew Sibbald
From the Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (McEwen, Jaffer, Sibbald); Division of Cardiac Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (McEwen, Jaffer); Division of Cardiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Sibbald); and the McMaster Education Research, Innovation and Theory Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Sibbald).
Florence Bénard
From l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Blouin, Bénard, Pelletier, Meloche-Dumas, Patocskai); and Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont. (Abdo, Kapralos, Dubrowski).
Florence Pelletier
From l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Blouin, Bénard, Pelletier, Meloche-Dumas, Patocskai); and Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont. (Abdo, Kapralos, Dubrowski).
Sandy Abdo
From l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Blouin, Bénard, Pelletier, Meloche-Dumas, Patocskai); and Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont. (Abdo, Kapralos, Dubrowski).
Léamarie Meloche-Dumas
From l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Blouin, Bénard, Pelletier, Meloche-Dumas, Patocskai); and Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont. (Abdo, Kapralos, Dubrowski).
Bill Kapralos
From l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Blouin, Bénard, Pelletier, Meloche-Dumas, Patocskai); and Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont. (Abdo, Kapralos, Dubrowski).
Adam Dubrowski
From l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Blouin, Bénard, Pelletier, Meloche-Dumas, Patocskai); and Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont. (Abdo, Kapralos, Dubrowski).
Erica Patocskai
From l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Blouin, Bénard, Pelletier, Meloche-Dumas, Patocskai); and Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont. (Abdo, Kapralos, Dubrowski).
Chinyelum Agu
From the Neurosurgical Simulation and Artificial Intelligence Learning Centre, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Pachchigar, Agu, Yilmaz, Tee Del Maestro); and l’École polytechnique universitaire de Marseille, Marseille, France (Agu).
Recai Yilmaz
From the Neurosurgical Simulation and Artificial Intelligence Learning Centre, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Pachchigar, Agu, Yilmaz, Tee Del Maestro); and l’École polytechnique universitaire de Marseille, Marseille, France (Agu).
Trisha Tee
From the Neurosurgical Simulation and Artificial Intelligence Learning Centre, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Pachchigar, Agu, Yilmaz, Tee Del Maestro); and l’École polytechnique universitaire de Marseille, Marseille, France (Agu).
Rolando Del Maestro
From the Neurosurgical Simulation and Artificial Intelligence Learning Centre, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Pachchigar, Agu, Yilmaz, Tee Del Maestro); and l’École polytechnique universitaire de Marseille, Marseille, France (Agu).
Carolyn Stephens
From the Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alb.
Merry Ghebretatios
From the Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alb.
Prachi Patel
From the University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Patel, Laplante, Rukavina, Shwaartz); the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Balaji); and the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. (Muaddi).
Shilpa Balaji
From the University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Patel, Laplante, Rukavina, Shwaartz); the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Balaji); and the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. (Muaddi).
Hala Muaddi
From the University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Patel, Laplante, Rukavina, Shwaartz); the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Balaji); and the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. (Muaddi).
Nadia Rukavina
From the University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Patel, Laplante, Rukavina, Shwaartz); the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Balaji); and the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. (Muaddi).
Chaya Shwaartz
From the University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Patel, Laplante, Rukavina, Shwaartz); the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Balaji); and the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. (Muaddi).
Carolyn Lai
From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Brodovsky, Behzadi); the Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont. (Lai); and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. (Blair).
Abdollah Behzadi
From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Brodovsky, Behzadi); the Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont. (Lai); and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. (Blair).
Geoffrey Blair
From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Brodovsky, Behzadi); the Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont. (Lai); and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. (Blair).
Nour Abou Hamdan
From McGill University, Montréal, Que.
Recai Yilmaz
From McGill University, Montréal, Que.
Trisha Tee
From McGill University, Montréal, Que.
Puja Pachchigar
From McGill University, Montréal, Que.
Mohammadreza Eskandari
From McGill University, Montréal, Que.
Chinyelum Agu
From McGill University, Montréal, Que.
Bianca Giglio
From McGill University, Montréal, Que.
Neevya Balasubramaniam
From McGill University, Montréal, Que.
Josh Bierbrier
From McGill University, Montréal, Que.
D. Louis Collins
From McGill University, Montréal, Que.
Houssem-Eddine Gueziri
From McGill University, Montréal, Que.
Rolando F. Del Maestro
From McGill University, Montréal, Que.
Fatemeh Ramazani
From the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alb. (Koonar, Ramazani, Hart, Henley, Roberts, Chandarana, W. Matthews, Schrag, J. Matthews, Mackenzie, Lui); and New York University, New York, NY (Cutting).
Robert Hart
From the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alb. (Koonar, Ramazani, Hart, Henley, Roberts, Chandarana, W. Matthews, Schrag, J. Matthews, Mackenzie, Lui); and New York University, New York, NY (Cutting).
Jessica Henley
From the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alb. (Koonar, Ramazani, Hart, Henley, Roberts, Chandarana, W. Matthews, Schrag, J. Matthews, Mackenzie, Lui); and New York University, New York, NY (Cutting).
Sam Roberts
From the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alb. (Koonar, Ramazani, Hart, Henley, Roberts, Chandarana, W. Matthews, Schrag, J. Matthews, Mackenzie, Lui); and New York University, New York, NY (Cutting).
Shamir Chandarana
From the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alb. (Koonar, Ramazani, Hart, Henley, Roberts, Chandarana, W. Matthews, Schrag, J. Matthews, Mackenzie, Lui); and New York University, New York, NY (Cutting).
Wayne Matthews
From the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alb. (Koonar, Ramazani, Hart, Henley, Roberts, Chandarana, W. Matthews, Schrag, J. Matthews, Mackenzie, Lui); and New York University, New York, NY (Cutting).
Christiaan Schrag
From the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alb. (Koonar, Ramazani, Hart, Henley, Roberts, Chandarana, W. Matthews, Schrag, J. Matthews, Mackenzie, Lui); and New York University, New York, NY (Cutting).
Jennifer Matthews
From the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alb. (Koonar, Ramazani, Hart, Henley, Roberts, Chandarana, W. Matthews, Schrag, J. Matthews, Mackenzie, Lui); and New York University, New York, NY (Cutting).
David Mackenzie
From the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alb. (Koonar, Ramazani, Hart, Henley, Roberts, Chandarana, W. Matthews, Schrag, J. Matthews, Mackenzie, Lui); and New York University, New York, NY (Cutting).
Court Cutting
From the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alb. (Koonar, Ramazani, Hart, Henley, Roberts, Chandarana, W. Matthews, Schrag, J. Matthews, Mackenzie, Lui); and New York University, New York, NY (Cutting).
Justin Lui
From the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alb. (Koonar, Ramazani, Hart, Henley, Roberts, Chandarana, W. Matthews, Schrag, J. Matthews, Mackenzie, Lui); and New York University, New York, NY (Cutting).
Tomas Cordoba
From the Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Delisle, T. Cordoba); and the Centre hospitalier universitaire de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (C. Cordoba).
Carlos Cordoba
From the Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Delisle, T. Cordoba); and the Centre hospitalier universitaire de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (C. Cordoba).
Adrien Lacroix
From the Neurosurgical Simulation and Artificial Intelligence Learning Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que.
Julianne Cairns
From the Neurosurgical Simulation and Artificial Intelligence Learning Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que.
Ahmad Alsayegh
From the Neurosurgical Simulation and Artificial Intelligence Learning Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que.
Mohamed Alhantoobi
From the Neurosurgical Simulation and Artificial Intelligence Learning Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que.
Neevya Balasubramaniam
From the Neurosurgical Simulation and Artificial Intelligence Learning Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que.
Widad Safih
From the Neurosurgical Simulation and Artificial Intelligence Learning Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que.
Meriem Hamel
From the Neurosurgical Simulation and Artificial Intelligence Learning Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que.
Rolando Del Maestro
From the Neurosurgical Simulation and Artificial Intelligence Learning Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que.
Alexander Moise
From Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S. (Francis, Hathi); McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Moise); the University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask. (Omar); the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Mavedatnia, Grose); and Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont. (Philips).
Youssef Omar
From Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S. (Francis, Hathi); McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Moise); the University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask. (Omar); the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Mavedatnia, Grose); and Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont. (Philips).
Kalpesh Hathi
From Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S. (Francis, Hathi); McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Moise); the University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask. (Omar); the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Mavedatnia, Grose); and Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont. (Philips).
Dorsa Mavedatnia
From Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S. (Francis, Hathi); McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Moise); the University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask. (Omar); the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Mavedatnia, Grose); and Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont. (Philips).
Elysia Grose
From Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S. (Francis, Hathi); McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Moise); the University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask. (Omar); the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Mavedatnia, Grose); and Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont. (Philips).
Timothy Philips
From Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S. (Francis, Hathi); McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Moise); the University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask. (Omar); the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Mavedatnia, Grose); and Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont. (Philips).
Denis Corbin
From the Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; and the Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.
François Lesage
From the Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; and the Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.
Michel Pellerin
From the Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; and the Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.
Walid Ben-Ali
From the Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; and the Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.
Maxine Joly-Chevrier
From the Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Tamani, Joly-Chevrier, Laflamme); General Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Bénard, Meloche-Dumas); Surgical Oncology, Centre hospitalier de l’université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Boulva, Younan); and Health Sciences, maxSIMhealth Laboratory, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont. (Dubrowski, Patocskai).
Florence Bénard
From the Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Tamani, Joly-Chevrier, Laflamme); General Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Bénard, Meloche-Dumas); Surgical Oncology, Centre hospitalier de l’université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Boulva, Younan); and Health Sciences, maxSIMhealth Laboratory, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont. (Dubrowski, Patocskai).
Léamarie Meloche-Dumas
From the Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Tamani, Joly-Chevrier, Laflamme); General Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Bénard, Meloche-Dumas); Surgical Oncology, Centre hospitalier de l’université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Boulva, Younan); and Health Sciences, maxSIMhealth Laboratory, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont. (Dubrowski, Patocskai).
Laurence Laflamme
From the Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Tamani, Joly-Chevrier, Laflamme); General Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Bénard, Meloche-Dumas); Surgical Oncology, Centre hospitalier de l’université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Boulva, Younan); and Health Sciences, maxSIMhealth Laboratory, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont. (Dubrowski, Patocskai).
Kerianne Boulva
From the Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Tamani, Joly-Chevrier, Laflamme); General Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Bénard, Meloche-Dumas); Surgical Oncology, Centre hospitalier de l’université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Boulva, Younan); and Health Sciences, maxSIMhealth Laboratory, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont. (Dubrowski, Patocskai).
Rami Younan
From the Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Tamani, Joly-Chevrier, Laflamme); General Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Bénard, Meloche-Dumas); Surgical Oncology, Centre hospitalier de l’université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Boulva, Younan); and Health Sciences, maxSIMhealth Laboratory, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont. (Dubrowski, Patocskai).
Adam Dubrowski
From the Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Tamani, Joly-Chevrier, Laflamme); General Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Bénard, Meloche-Dumas); Surgical Oncology, Centre hospitalier de l’université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Boulva, Younan); and Health Sciences, maxSIMhealth Laboratory, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont. (Dubrowski, Patocskai).
Erica Patocskai
From the Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Tamani, Joly-Chevrier, Laflamme); General Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Bénard, Meloche-Dumas); Surgical Oncology, Centre hospitalier de l’université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Boulva, Younan); and Health Sciences, maxSIMhealth Laboratory, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont. (Dubrowski, Patocskai).
Joseph Petruccelli
From the Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Sticca); McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Petruccelli); and the University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que. (Dorion).
Dominique Dorion
From the Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Sticca); McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Petruccelli); and the University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que. (Dorion).
Florence Bénard
From the Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Osman, Bénard, Habti, Meloche-Dumas); McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Duranleau); the Centre hospitalier de l’université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Boulva, Kaviani, Younan, Patocskai); the maxSIMhealth Laboratory, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont. (Dubrowski); and Dawson College, Montréal, Que. (Vessella).
Merieme Habti
From the Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Osman, Bénard, Habti, Meloche-Dumas); McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Duranleau); the Centre hospitalier de l’université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Boulva, Kaviani, Younan, Patocskai); the maxSIMhealth Laboratory, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont. (Dubrowski); and Dawson College, Montréal, Que. (Vessella).
Léamarie Meloche-Dumas
From the Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Osman, Bénard, Habti, Meloche-Dumas); McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Duranleau); the Centre hospitalier de l’université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Boulva, Kaviani, Younan, Patocskai); the maxSIMhealth Laboratory, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont. (Dubrowski); and Dawson College, Montréal, Que. (Vessella).
Xaviery Duranleau
From the Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Osman, Bénard, Habti, Meloche-Dumas); McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Duranleau); the Centre hospitalier de l’université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Boulva, Kaviani, Younan, Patocskai); the maxSIMhealth Laboratory, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont. (Dubrowski); and Dawson College, Montréal, Que. (Vessella).
Kerianne Boulva
From the Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Osman, Bénard, Habti, Meloche-Dumas); McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Duranleau); the Centre hospitalier de l’université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Boulva, Kaviani, Younan, Patocskai); the maxSIMhealth Laboratory, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont. (Dubrowski); and Dawson College, Montréal, Que. (Vessella).
Ahmad Kaviani
From the Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Osman, Bénard, Habti, Meloche-Dumas); McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Duranleau); the Centre hospitalier de l’université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Boulva, Kaviani, Younan, Patocskai); the maxSIMhealth Laboratory, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont. (Dubrowski); and Dawson College, Montréal, Que. (Vessella).
Rami Younan
From the Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Osman, Bénard, Habti, Meloche-Dumas); McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Duranleau); the Centre hospitalier de l’université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Boulva, Kaviani, Younan, Patocskai); the maxSIMhealth Laboratory, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont. (Dubrowski); and Dawson College, Montréal, Que. (Vessella).
Adam Dubrowski
From the Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Osman, Bénard, Habti, Meloche-Dumas); McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Duranleau); the Centre hospitalier de l’université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Boulva, Kaviani, Younan, Patocskai); the maxSIMhealth Laboratory, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont. (Dubrowski); and Dawson College, Montréal, Que. (Vessella).
Kiara Vessella
From the Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Osman, Bénard, Habti, Meloche-Dumas); McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Duranleau); the Centre hospitalier de l’université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Boulva, Kaviani, Younan, Patocskai); the maxSIMhealth Laboratory, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont. (Dubrowski); and Dawson College, Montréal, Que. (Vessella).
Erica Patocskai
From the Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Osman, Bénard, Habti, Meloche-Dumas); McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Duranleau); the Centre hospitalier de l’université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Boulva, Kaviani, Younan, Patocskai); the maxSIMhealth Laboratory, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont. (Dubrowski); and Dawson College, Montréal, Que. (Vessella).
Simon Turner
From the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alb.
Melanie Hammond Mobilio
From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
Jacob Hirsh
From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
Dean Lising
From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
Tulin Cil
From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
Edyta Marcon
From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
Carol-Anne Moulton
From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
Thomas Milazzo
From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (D’Souza, Milazzo, Datta, Valiquette, Avery, Voineskos, Musgrave, Wanzel); and the Division of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Datta, Valiquette, Avery, Voineskos, Musgrave, Wanzel).
Shaishav Datta
From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (D’Souza, Milazzo, Datta, Valiquette, Avery, Voineskos, Musgrave, Wanzel); and the Division of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Datta, Valiquette, Avery, Voineskos, Musgrave, Wanzel).
Chantal Valiquette
From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (D’Souza, Milazzo, Datta, Valiquette, Avery, Voineskos, Musgrave, Wanzel); and the Division of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Datta, Valiquette, Avery, Voineskos, Musgrave, Wanzel).
Emma Avery
From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (D’Souza, Milazzo, Datta, Valiquette, Avery, Voineskos, Musgrave, Wanzel); and the Division of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Datta, Valiquette, Avery, Voineskos, Musgrave, Wanzel).
Sophocles Voineskos
From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (D’Souza, Milazzo, Datta, Valiquette, Avery, Voineskos, Musgrave, Wanzel); and the Division of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Datta, Valiquette, Avery, Voineskos, Musgrave, Wanzel).
Melinda Musgrave
From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (D’Souza, Milazzo, Datta, Valiquette, Avery, Voineskos, Musgrave, Wanzel); and the Division of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Datta, Valiquette, Avery, Voineskos, Musgrave, Wanzel).
Kyle Wanzel
From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (D’Souza, Milazzo, Datta, Valiquette, Avery, Voineskos, Musgrave, Wanzel); and the Division of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Datta, Valiquette, Avery, Voineskos, Musgrave, Wanzel).
Neil Armstrong
From McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Schneidman); and the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (Schneidman, Armstrong).
Jennifer Silver
From McGill University, Montréal, Que.
Milène A Azzam
From McGill University, Montréal, Que.
Rachel Fisher
From McGill University, Montréal, Que.
Ilana Banks
From McGill University, Montréal, Que.
Meredith Young
From McGill University, Montréal, Que.
Lily HP Nguyen
From McGill University, Montréal, Que.
BJ Hancock
From the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.
Suyin Lum Min
From the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.
Fouad Youssef
From the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.
Richard Keijzer
From the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.
Melanie Morris
From the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.
Anna Shawyer
From the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.
Giuseppe Retrosi
From the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.
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C-CASE 2023: Promoting Excellence in Surgical Education01. Near-peer tutoring: an effective adjunct for virtual anatomy learning02. Surgical Exploration and Discovery: perspectives on student-led debriefs in undergraduate surgical education03. How are emotions of medical residents and faculty in general surgery affected by new assessment mandates implemented in medical education?04. Equity, diversity and inclusion in medical residency: a Web-based analysis of Canadian PGME efforts05. The use of virtual patient case simulations in surgical postgraduate teaching innovations06. Outcomes of the Canadian Orthopaedic Surgery Medical Education Course07. Educational effectiveness of social media as a continuing professional development intervention among practising surgeons: a systematic review08. Factors influencing medical students’ decision to pursue a career in surgery in North America: a systematic review09. Improving operating room teamwork: Do current strategies offer actionable solutions?10. Affective influence on lumbar laminectomy performance on a virtual reality spine simulator11. Exploring the shifting landscape in the match outcomes of women applying to surgical residency programs in Canada: Have we achieved equity?12. Exploring residents’ emotion-regulation strategies and their effectiveness in team-based surgical simulations13. Impact of an educational workshop for medical student surgical clerkship rotation preparation14. McGill Surgical Exploration and Discovery: impact on medical students’ perception and skills in surgery15. Does BlackBox Explorer Technology improve operative teaching for surgical residents?16. The impact of a deceased donor organ procurement workshop on surgical transplant fellows’ confidence and competence17. Vascular anastomosis workshop improves general surgery residents’ confidence and competence18. A comparative analysis of video-based versus text-based learning resources for Foley catheter insertion and the implications for medical student procedural skills training: a pilot study19. Improving assessment and training in craniosynostosis: the role of interactive 3-D models and multimodal e-learning20. Anatomy of a strategic plan for education: driving innovation in McMaster’s Division of Cardiac Surgery21. Optimizing the learner’s role in feedback: development of a feedback-preparedness online application for medical students in the clinical setting22. Trainee response to artificial intelligent tutor instruction in surgical simulation23. Promoting diversity in surgery through UofC UpSurge24. Evaluating the benefit of a novel surgical robotic training workshop for general surgery and subspecialty trainees in Canada25. Undergraduate surgery learning objectives: illuminating discrepancies among Canadian medical schools26. Cerebral corticectomy in ex-vivo calf brain model: face and content validation27. Validating a virtual simulation tool for local and regional flap reconstruction in the head and neck28. The impact of a surgical boot camp and near-peer teaching on the acquisition of basic surgical skills in medical students transitioning to clerkship29. Evaluating the impact of the MLASE checklist on surgical training literature involving machine learning and virtual reality: a comparative analysis30. Exploring the impact of LearnENT’s social media as a powerful tool in OHNS medical education31. MiHolo, a holographic training tool for minimally invasive mitral valve repair surgery32. Evaluating the impact of medical students’ participation in telephone visits for patients with breast cancer: a pilot study33. The importance of understanding the personalities of surgeons when choosing a career: medical students’ perspectives34. A conversation on the current state of diversity, equity and inclusion in surgery35. Current state of female and BIPOC representation in Canadian medical education administration leadership36. What’s in a name? The development of trust and familiarity in dynamic interprofessional operating room teams37. Development and pilot of a plastic and reconstructive surgery case-based learning curriculum38. Women in surgery: a qualitative study of gendered experiences within everyday surgical life39. An interdisciplinary complex airway crisis resource management simulation training module for otolaryngology residents: a longitudinal experience40. Assessing the accuracy of responses by ChatGPT to questions regarding pediatric surgery
Jeffrey Sioufi, Sarah Moussa, Sonaina Chopra, Mohamed S. Bondok, Nancy Posel, Anser Daud, Arashk Ghasroddashti, Ethan D. Patterson, Mostafa Bondok, Trisha Tee, Mostafa Bondok, Keerat Grewal, Emily Lan-Vy Nguyen, Nehal Islam, Aradhana Tewari, Shilpa Balaji, Shilpa Balaji, Joseph Nashed, Davy Lau, Charlotte C. McEwen, Victoria Blouin, Puja Pachchigar, Ifeoluwa Adedipe, Simon Laplante, Maren Brodovsky, Abdulrahman Almansouri, Ella Koonar, Éolie Delisle, Bianca Giglio, Gizelle Francis, Clément Schneider, Zakaria Tamani, Giancarlo Sticca, Yasmin Osman, Rahim Valji, Tobi Lam, Alexandra D’Souza, Jillian Schneidman, George Gerardis, Megan Skakum, Brandon Hall, Ryan Antel, Mathushan Subasri, Mustafa Fakih, Nehal Islam, Reggie C. Hamdy, Jason M. Harley, Amy Keuhl, Ereny Bassilious, Jonathan Sherbino, Elif Bilgic, Mostafa Bondok, Liana Martel, Christine Law, David Fleiszer, Tyler Hauer, Noah Carr-Pries, Kalter Hali, Jesse Wolfstadt, Peter Ferguson, Fatimah Sorefan-Mangou, Rosephine Del Fernandes, Erin Williams, Ken Choi, Boris Zevin, Sawmmiya Kirupaharan, Steve Mann, Andrea Winthrop, Boris Zevin, Nibras Ghanmi, Cole Etherington, Youssef Saddiki, Isabelle Lefebvre, Pauline Berthelot, Pierre-Marc Dion, Benjamin Raymond, Jeanne Seguin, Pooyan Sekhavati, Sindeed Islam, Sylvain Boet, Puja Pachchigar, Bilal Tarabay, Recai Yilmaz, Nour Abou Hamdan, Chinyelum Agu, Abdulrahman Almansouri, Jason Harley, Rolando Del Maestro, Mohamed S. Bondok, Anne Xuan-Lan Nguyen, Christine Law, Nawaaz Nathoo, Nupura Bakshi, Nina Ahuja, Karim F. Damji, Sayed Azher, Matthew Moreno, Reinhard Pekrun, Jeffrey Wiseman, Gerald M. Fried, Susanne Lajoie, Ryan Brydges, Allyson Hadwin, Ning-Zi Sun, Elene Khalil, Jason M. Harley, Prachikumari Patel, Hala Muaddi, Nadia Rukavina, Roxana Bucur, Chaya Shwaartz, Sarah Moussa, Mathushan Subasri, Moustafa Fakih, Reggie Charles Hamdy, Evan Wong, Ryan Brydges, Marisa Louridas, Prachi Patel, Hala Muaddi, Karolina Gaebe, Carla Luzzi, Aileigh Kay, Nadia Rukavina, Markus Selzner, Trevor Reichman, Chaya Shwaartz, Hala Muaddi, Ali Shahabinezhad, Prachi Patel, Nadia Rukavina, Trevor Reichman, Shiva Jayaraman, Chaya Shwaartz, Luca Ramelli, Owen Kolasky, Tiffany Dickenson, Mike Dullege, Annie Kang, Andrea Winthrop, Steve Mann, Erika Henkelman, John Jacob, Isabella Watson, Faizal Haji, Iqbal Jaffer, Matthew Sibbald, Florence Bénard, Florence Pelletier, Sandy Abdo, Léamarie Meloche-Dumas, Bill Kapralos, Adam Dubrowski, Erica Patocskai, Chinyelum Agu, Recai Yilmaz, Trisha Tee, Rolando Del Maestro, Carolyn Stephens, Merry Ghebretatios, Prachi Patel, Shilpa Balaji, Hala Muaddi, Nadia Rukavina, Chaya Shwaartz, Carolyn Lai, Abdollah Behzadi, Geoffrey Blair, Nour Abou Hamdan, Recai Yilmaz, Trisha Tee, Puja Pachchigar, Mohammadreza Eskandari, Chinyelum Agu, Bianca Giglio, Neevya Balasubramaniam, Josh Bierbrier, D. Louis Collins, Houssem-Eddine Gueziri, Rolando F. Del Maestro, Fatemeh Ramazani, Robert Hart, Jessica Henley, Sam Roberts, Shamir Chandarana, Wayne Matthews, Christiaan Schrag, Jennifer Matthews, David Mackenzie, Court Cutting, Justin Lui, Tomas Cordoba, Carlos Cordoba, Adrien Lacroix, Julianne Cairns, Ahmad Alsayegh, Mohamed Alhantoobi, Neevya Balasubramaniam, Widad Safih, Meriem Hamel, Rolando Del Maestro, Alexander Moise, Youssef Omar, Kalpesh Hathi, Dorsa Mavedatnia, Elysia Grose, Timothy Philips, Denis Corbin, François Lesage, Michel Pellerin, Walid Ben-Ali, Maxine Joly-Chevrier, Florence Bénard, Léamarie Meloche-Dumas, Laurence Laflamme, Kerianne Boulva, Rami Younan, Adam Dubrowski, Erica Patocskai, Joseph Petruccelli, Dominique Dorion, Florence Bénard, Merieme Habti, Léamarie Meloche-Dumas, Xaviery Duranleau, Kerianne Boulva, Ahmad Kaviani, Rami Younan, Adam Dubrowski, Kiara Vessella, Erica Patocskai, Simon Turner, Melanie Hammond Mobilio, Jacob Hirsh, Dean Lising, Tulin Cil, Edyta Marcon, Carol-Anne Moulton, Thomas Milazzo, Shaishav Datta, Chantal Valiquette, Emma Avery, Sophocles Voineskos, Melinda Musgrave, Kyle Wanzel, Neil Armstrong, Jennifer Silver, Milène A Azzam, Rachel Fisher, Ilana Banks, Meredith Young, Lily HP Nguyen, BJ Hancock, Suyin Lum Min, Fouad Youssef, Richard Keijzer, Melanie Morris, Anna Shawyer, Giuseppe Retrosi
Can J Surg Dec 2023, 66 (6 Suppl 2) S137-S150; DOI: 10.1503/cjs.014523
C-CASE 2023: Promoting Excellence in Surgical Education01. Near-peer tutoring: an effective adjunct for virtual anatomy learning02. Surgical Exploration and Discovery: perspectives on student-led debriefs in undergraduate surgical education03. How are emotions of medical residents and faculty in general surgery affected by new assessment mandates implemented in medical education?04. Equity, diversity and inclusion in medical residency: a Web-based analysis of Canadian PGME efforts05. The use of virtual patient case simulations in surgical postgraduate teaching innovations06. Outcomes of the Canadian Orthopaedic Surgery Medical Education Course07. Educational effectiveness of social media as a continuing professional development intervention among practising surgeons: a systematic review08. Factors influencing medical students’ decision to pursue a career in surgery in North America: a systematic review09. Improving operating room teamwork: Do current strategies offer actionable solutions?10. Affective influence on lumbar laminectomy performance on a virtual reality spine simulator11. Exploring the shifting landscape in the match outcomes of women applying to surgical residency programs in Canada: Have we achieved equity?12. Exploring residents’ emotion-regulation strategies and their effectiveness in team-based surgical simulations13. Impact of an educational workshop for medical student surgical clerkship rotation preparation14. McGill Surgical Exploration and Discovery: impact on medical students’ perception and skills in surgery15. Does BlackBox Explorer Technology improve operative teaching for surgical residents?16. The impact of a deceased donor organ procurement workshop on surgical transplant fellows’ confidence and competence17. Vascular anastomosis workshop improves general surgery residents’ confidence and competence18. A comparative analysis of video-based versus text-based learning resources for Foley catheter insertion and the implications for medical student procedural skills training: a pilot study19. Improving assessment and training in craniosynostosis: the role of interactive 3-D models and multimodal e-learning20. Anatomy of a strategic plan for education: driving innovation in McMaster’s Division of Cardiac Surgery21. Optimizing the learner’s role in feedback: development of a feedback-preparedness online application for medical students in the clinical setting22. Trainee response to artificial intelligent tutor instruction in surgical simulation23. Promoting diversity in surgery through UofC UpSurge24. Evaluating the benefit of a novel surgical robotic training workshop for general surgery and subspecialty trainees in Canada25. Undergraduate surgery learning objectives: illuminating discrepancies among Canadian medical schools26. Cerebral corticectomy in ex-vivo calf brain model: face and content validation27. Validating a virtual simulation tool for local and regional flap reconstruction in the head and neck28. The impact of a surgical boot camp and near-peer teaching on the acquisition of basic surgical skills in medical students transitioning to clerkship29. Evaluating the impact of the MLASE checklist on surgical training literature involving machine learning and virtual reality: a comparative analysis30. Exploring the impact of LearnENT’s social media as a powerful tool in OHNS medical education31. MiHolo, a holographic training tool for minimally invasive mitral valve repair surgery32. Evaluating the impact of medical students’ participation in telephone visits for patients with breast cancer: a pilot study33. The importance of understanding the personalities of surgeons when choosing a career: medical students’ perspectives34. A conversation on the current state of diversity, equity and inclusion in surgery35. Current state of female and BIPOC representation in Canadian medical education administration leadership36. What’s in a name? The development of trust and familiarity in dynamic interprofessional operating room teams37. Development and pilot of a plastic and reconstructive surgery case-based learning curriculum38. Women in surgery: a qualitative study of gendered experiences within everyday surgical life39. An interdisciplinary complex airway crisis resource management simulation training module for otolaryngology residents: a longitudinal experience40. Assessing the accuracy of responses by ChatGPT to questions regarding pediatric surgery
Jeffrey Sioufi, Sarah Moussa, Sonaina Chopra, Mohamed S. Bondok, Nancy Posel, Anser Daud, Arashk Ghasroddashti, Ethan D. Patterson, Mostafa Bondok, Trisha Tee, Mostafa Bondok, Keerat Grewal, Emily Lan-Vy Nguyen, Nehal Islam, Aradhana Tewari, Shilpa Balaji, Shilpa Balaji, Joseph Nashed, Davy Lau, Charlotte C. McEwen, Victoria Blouin, Puja Pachchigar, Ifeoluwa Adedipe, Simon Laplante, Maren Brodovsky, Abdulrahman Almansouri, Ella Koonar, Éolie Delisle, Bianca Giglio, Gizelle Francis, Clément Schneider, Zakaria Tamani, Giancarlo Sticca, Yasmin Osman, Rahim Valji, Tobi Lam, Alexandra D’Souza, Jillian Schneidman, George Gerardis, Megan Skakum, Brandon Hall, Ryan Antel, Mathushan Subasri, Mustafa Fakih, Nehal Islam, Reggie C. Hamdy, Jason M. Harley, Amy Keuhl, Ereny Bassilious, Jonathan Sherbino, Elif Bilgic, Mostafa Bondok, Liana Martel, Christine Law, David Fleiszer, Tyler Hauer, Noah Carr-Pries, Kalter Hali, Jesse Wolfstadt, Peter Ferguson, Fatimah Sorefan-Mangou, Rosephine Del Fernandes, Erin Williams, Ken Choi, Boris Zevin, Sawmmiya Kirupaharan, Steve Mann, Andrea Winthrop, Boris Zevin, Nibras Ghanmi, Cole Etherington, Youssef Saddiki, Isabelle Lefebvre, Pauline Berthelot, Pierre-Marc Dion, Benjamin Raymond, Jeanne Seguin, Pooyan Sekhavati, Sindeed Islam, Sylvain Boet, Puja Pachchigar, Bilal Tarabay, Recai Yilmaz, Nour Abou Hamdan, Chinyelum Agu, Abdulrahman Almansouri, Jason Harley, Rolando Del Maestro, Mohamed S. Bondok, Anne Xuan-Lan Nguyen, Christine Law, Nawaaz Nathoo, Nupura Bakshi, Nina Ahuja, Karim F. Damji, Sayed Azher, Matthew Moreno, Reinhard Pekrun, Jeffrey Wiseman, Gerald M. Fried, Susanne Lajoie, Ryan Brydges, Allyson Hadwin, Ning-Zi Sun, Elene Khalil, Jason M. Harley, Prachikumari Patel, Hala Muaddi, Nadia Rukavina, Roxana Bucur, Chaya Shwaartz, Sarah Moussa, Mathushan Subasri, Moustafa Fakih, Reggie Charles Hamdy, Evan Wong, Ryan Brydges, Marisa Louridas, Prachi Patel, Hala Muaddi, Karolina Gaebe, Carla Luzzi, Aileigh Kay, Nadia Rukavina, Markus Selzner, Trevor Reichman, Chaya Shwaartz, Hala Muaddi, Ali Shahabinezhad, Prachi Patel, Nadia Rukavina, Trevor Reichman, Shiva Jayaraman, Chaya Shwaartz, Luca Ramelli, Owen Kolasky, Tiffany Dickenson, Mike Dullege, Annie Kang, Andrea Winthrop, Steve Mann, Erika Henkelman, John Jacob, Isabella Watson, Faizal Haji, Iqbal Jaffer, Matthew Sibbald, Florence Bénard, Florence Pelletier, Sandy Abdo, Léamarie Meloche-Dumas, Bill Kapralos, Adam Dubrowski, Erica Patocskai, Chinyelum Agu, Recai Yilmaz, Trisha Tee, Rolando Del Maestro, Carolyn Stephens, Merry Ghebretatios, Prachi Patel, Shilpa Balaji, Hala Muaddi, Nadia Rukavina, Chaya Shwaartz, Carolyn Lai, Abdollah Behzadi, Geoffrey Blair, Nour Abou Hamdan, Recai Yilmaz, Trisha Tee, Puja Pachchigar, Mohammadreza Eskandari, Chinyelum Agu, Bianca Giglio, Neevya Balasubramaniam, Josh Bierbrier, D. Louis Collins, Houssem-Eddine Gueziri, Rolando F. Del Maestro, Fatemeh Ramazani, Robert Hart, Jessica Henley, Sam Roberts, Shamir Chandarana, Wayne Matthews, Christiaan Schrag, Jennifer Matthews, David Mackenzie, Court Cutting, Justin Lui, Tomas Cordoba, Carlos Cordoba, Adrien Lacroix, Julianne Cairns, Ahmad Alsayegh, Mohamed Alhantoobi, Neevya Balasubramaniam, Widad Safih, Meriem Hamel, Rolando Del Maestro, Alexander Moise, Youssef Omar, Kalpesh Hathi, Dorsa Mavedatnia, Elysia Grose, Timothy Philips, Denis Corbin, François Lesage, Michel Pellerin, Walid Ben-Ali, Maxine Joly-Chevrier, Florence Bénard, Léamarie Meloche-Dumas, Laurence Laflamme, Kerianne Boulva, Rami Younan, Adam Dubrowski, Erica Patocskai, Joseph Petruccelli, Dominique Dorion, Florence Bénard, Merieme Habti, Léamarie Meloche-Dumas, Xaviery Duranleau, Kerianne Boulva, Ahmad Kaviani, Rami Younan, Adam Dubrowski, Kiara Vessella, Erica Patocskai, Simon Turner, Melanie Hammond Mobilio, Jacob Hirsh, Dean Lising, Tulin Cil, Edyta Marcon, Carol-Anne Moulton, Thomas Milazzo, Shaishav Datta, Chantal Valiquette, Emma Avery, Sophocles Voineskos, Melinda Musgrave, Kyle Wanzel, Neil Armstrong, Jennifer Silver, Milène A Azzam, Rachel Fisher, Ilana Banks, Meredith Young, Lily HP Nguyen, BJ Hancock, Suyin Lum Min, Fouad Youssef, Richard Keijzer, Melanie Morris, Anna Shawyer, Giuseppe Retrosi
Can J Surg Dec 2023, 66 (6 Suppl 2) S137-S150; DOI: 10.1503/cjs.014523
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