Demographic characteristics |
Age, yr, mean ± SD | 63.8 ± 14.9 | 64.0 ± 15.0 | 0.9 |
Male sex | 102 (53.7) | 239 (57.0) | 0.5 |
Preoperative measures |
Body mass index, mean ± SD | 27.9 ± 5.9 | 28.6 ± 5.9 | 0.2 |
Functional status |
Independent | 186 (97.9) | 404 (96.4) | 0.5 |
Partially dependent | 4 (2.1) | 13 (3.1) | |
Totally dependent | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.5) | |
Diabetes | | | 0.4 |
Insulin-dependent | 11 (5.8) | 17 (4.1) | |
Non–insulin-dependent | 26 (13.7) | 47 (11.2) | |
None | 153 (80.5) | 355 (84.7) | |
Congestive heart failure | 0 (0.0) | 8 (1.9) | 0.06 |
Hypertension | 92 (48.4) | 198 (47.2) | 0.8 |
Smoker | 33 (17.4) | 68 (16.2) | 0.7 |
Dyspnea on moderate exertion | 13 (6.8) | 34 (8.1) | 0.5 |
Disseminated cancer | 18 (9.5) | 54 (12.9) | 0.2 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 8 (4.2) | 24 (5.7) | 0.4 |
Dialysis | 1 (0.5) | 3 (0.7) | 0.8 |
Recent steroid use | 13 (6.8) | 31 (7.4) | 0.8 |
Operative characteristics |
ASA classification | | | 0.2 |
II | 54 (28.4) | 87 (20.8) | |
III | 121 (63.7) | 296 (70.6) | |
IV | 15 (7.9) | 35 (8.4) | |
V | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.2) | |
Type of surgery | | | 0.6 |
Colon | 96 (50.5) | 222 (53.0) | |
Rectal | 94 (49.5) | 197 (47.0) | |
Procedure |
Laparoscopic | 66 (34.7) | 129 (30.8) | 0.3 |
Open | 124 (65.3) | 290 (69.2) | |
Creation of stoma | 56 (29.5) | 107 (25.5) | 0.3 |
Duration of surgery, min, mean ± SD | 281.8 ± 104.3 | 309.0 ± 122.8 | 0.008 |